Mining cancer genomes for change-of-metabolic-function mutations.

Enzymes with novel functions are needed to enable new organic synthesis techniques. Drawing inspiration from gain-of-function cancer mutations that functionally alter proteins and affect cellular metabolism, we developed METIS (Mutated Enzymes from Tumors In silico Screen). METIS identifies metabolism-altering cancer mutations using mutation recurrence rates and protein structure. We used METIS to screen 298,517 cancer mutations and identify 48 candidate mutations, including those previously identified to alter enzymatic function. Unbiased metabolomic profiling of cells exogenously expressing a candidate mutant (OGDHLp.A400T) supports an altered phenotype that boosts in vitro production of xanthosine, a pharmacologically useful chemical that is currently produced using unsustainable, water-intensive methods. We then applied METIS to 49 million cancer mutations, yielding a refined set of candidates that may impart novel enzymatic functions or contribute to tumor progression. Thus, METIS can be used to identify and catalog potentially-useful cancer mutations for green chemistry and therapeutic applications.