ArticleNature medicine2023
Risk of hematological malignancies from CT radiation exposure in children, adolescents and young adults.
Article in Nature medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 156 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Deep-learning System for Low-Dose CBCT Image Reconstruction: a Stepwise, Multicentre, Early-stage Clinical Validation Study
Development of a Multicenter Low-Dose CT Protocol for Children Based on Low-Dose Simulation Technology and Verification by Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 263 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis of granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders: an ERS Clinical Research Collaboration.The European respiratory journal · 2026Guideline
- Diagnostic performance of point-of-care ultrasound for pediatric skull fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Pooled it
- Radiation safety and cancer risks in pediatric computed tomography: a systematic review of large-scale cohort studies.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Multimodality Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: Single-Center Practice Variability and a Systematic Review of Diagnostic Error.Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography · 2025Pooled it
- Applications of machine learning in pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI): a systematic review of the literature.Neurosurgical review · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of arm position on low dose dual-source CT one-step aortic and cerebral-carotid artery angiography image quality and radiation dose.BMC medical imaging · 2025Trial
- Low tube voltage and deep-learning reconstruction for reducing radiation and contrast medium doses in thin-slice abdominal CT: a prospective clinical trial.European radiology · 2024Trial
- Radiation-free assessment of the 3D morphology of the adolescent scoliotic spine: a feasibility study using MRI derived quantitative synthetic CT.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Leukaemia and lymphoma radiation risk models from atomic bomb survivors (1950-2001) suitable for lifetime risk calculations.Radiation and environmental biophysics · 2026Article
- Biological effects ofEuropean radiology · 2026Observational
- European multicenter study on recurrent imaging practice in computed tomography.The British journal of radiology · 2026Article
- Feasibility of free-breathing 0.55-T lung MRI for structural and functional characterization in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Pediatric radiology · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Bilateral-Based Noise Reduction Algorithms in Low-Dose Pediatric Computed Tomographic Images.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Deep learning image reconstruction for 50-keV virtual monoenergetic dual-energy CT of the thyroid: a prospective "dual-low" dose study.European radiology · 2026Article
- Identifying optimal dose head CT acquisition techniques through cluster analysis from 904,209 scans.European radiology · 2026Article
- Patient Shielding in Computed Tomography: Analysis of Influencing Factors and a Conceptual Framework for Decision-Making.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Repair of DNA double-strand breaks after low radiation doses in childhood cancer survivors and matched cancer-free individuals.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Simultaneous 3D structural-functional assessment of pediatric lung using 0.55-T MRI: a feasibility study.Radiology advances · 2026Article
- Cumulative effective dose among 5.6 million CT exams in a multinational radiation dose registry.The British journal of radiology · 2026Article
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
33 authors at 14 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Over one million European children undergo computed tomography (CT) scans annually. Although moderate- to high-dose ionizing radiation exposure is an established risk factor for hematological malignancies, risks at CT examination dose levels remain uncertain. Here we followed up a multinational cohort (EPI-CT) of 948,174 individuals who underwent CT examinations before age 22 years in nine European countries. Radiation doses to the active bone marrow were estimated on the basis of body part scanned, patient characteristics, time period and inferred CT technical parameters. We found an association between cumulative dose and risk of all hematological malignancies, with an excess relative risk of 1.96 (95% confidence interval 1.10 to 3.12) per 100 mGy (790 cases). Similar estimates were obtained for lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. Results suggest that for every 10,000 children examined today (mean dose 8 mGy), 1-2 persons are expected to develop a hematological malignancy attributable to radiation exposure in the subsequent 12 years. Our results strengthen the body of evidence of increased cancer risk at low radiation doses and highlight the need for continued justification of pediatric CT examinations and optimization of doses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.