ReviewFrontiers in oncology2023
Role of sex and sex hormones in PD-L1 expression in NSCLC: clinical and therapeutic implications.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Soluble immune checkpoints in lung cancer: linking prognostic signatures to immunotherapy response - a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Chronic Air Pollution Exposure and the Immunomolecular Profile of Lung Cancer: A Regional Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Intrapatient variation in PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden and implications for outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Treatment of Lung Cancer in Women.Surgical oncology clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Pre-treatment endocrine-nutritional signatures predict clinical benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in hematologic malignancies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- PD-L1 expression in PitNETs: Correlations with the 2022 WHO classification.Brain & spine · 2025Article
- Sex-specific cytokine signatures as predictors of anti-PD1 therapy response in non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Expression patterns of estrogen and androgen receptors in NSCLC patients according to the PD-L1 profile.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sex hormones and immune regulation in ovarian cancer.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- Correlation between estrogen receptor and programmed death ligand-1 in type I endometrial cancer.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently, immunotherapy based on PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade has improved survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, differential responses have been observed by sex, where men appear to respond better than women. Additionally, adverse effects of immunotherapy are mainly observed in women. Studies in some types of hormone-dependent cancer have revealed a role of sex hormones in anti-tumor response, tumor microenvironment and immune evasion. Estrogens mainly promote immune tolerance regulating T-cell function and modifying tumor microenvironment, while androgens attenuate anti-tumor immune responses. The precise mechanism by which sex and sex hormones may modulate immune response to tumor, modify PD-L1 expression in cancer cells and promote immune escape in NSCLC is still unclear, but current data show how sexual differences affect immune therapy response and prognosis. This review provides update information regarding anti-PD-1/PD-L immunotherapeutic efficacy in NSCLC by sex, analyzing potential roles for sex hormones on PD-L1 expression, and discussing a plausible of sex and sex hormones as predictive response factors to immunotherapy.
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Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.