ArticlePloS one2023
Characterization of polarization states of canine monocyte derived macrophages.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- A canine macrophage cell line that can be polarized provides a model for canine macrophage differentiation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Anti-inflammatory and polarization-modulating effects ofJournal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Article
- Phenotypic and functional characterization of THP-1-derived macrophages: impact of serum and serum-free differentiation conditions on surface marker expression and immune function.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- M2-type tumor-associated macrophages promote invasion of canine breast cancer through ADAM9 upregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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- Article
- Translational History and Hope of Immunotherapy of Canine Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Review
- Flow cytometric-based detection of CD80 is a useful diagnostic marker of acute myeloid leukemia in dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages can reversibly polarize into multiple functional subsets depending on their micro-environment. Identification and understanding the functionality of these subsets is relevant for the study of immune‑related diseases. However, knowledge about canine macrophage polarization is still in its infancy. In this study, we polarized canine monocytes using GM-CSF/IFN- γ and LPS towards M1 macrophages or M-CSF and IL-4 towards M2 macrophages and compared them to undifferentiated monocytes (M0). Polarized M1 and M2 macrophages were thoroughly characterized for morphology, surface marker features, gene profiles and functional properties. Our results showed that canine M1-polarized macrophages obtained a characteristic large, roundish, or amoeboid shape, while M2-polarized macrophages were smaller and adopted an elongated spindle-like morphology. Phenotypically, all macrophage subsets expressed the pan-macrophage markers CD14 and CD11b. M1-polarized macrophages expressed increased levels of CD40, CD80 CD86 and MHC II, while a significant increase in the expression levels of CD206, CD209, and CD163 was observed in M2-polarized macrophages. RNAseq of the three macrophage subsets showed distinct gene expression profiles, which are closely associated with immune responsiveness, cell differentiation and phagocytosis. However, the complexity of the gene expression patterns makes it difficult to assign clear new polarization markers. Functionally, undifferentiated -monocytes, and M1- and M2- like subsets of canine macrophages can all phagocytose latex beads. M2-polarized macrophages exhibited the strongest phagocytic capacity compared to undifferentiated monocytes- and M1-polarized cells. Taken together, this study showed that canine M1 and M2-like macrophages have distinct features largely in parallel to those of well-studied species, such as human, mouse and pig. These findings enable future use of monocyte derived polarized macrophages particularly in studies of immune related diseases in dogs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.