SynthesisJournal of materials science. Materials in medicine2023
Three dimensional (3D) gingival models in periodontal research: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Better models, better treatment? a systematic review of current three dimensional (3D)Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- 3D models for oral inflammation using gingival fibroblasts, lipopolysaccharides and hypoxia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Periodontium-derived fibroblasts as a model to evaluate inflammation and pharmacological modulation of osteogenesis and osteoclast formation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis: a promising therapeutic target for periodontitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- November in focus in HCB.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2025Article
- Mechanical-enzymatic isolation and characterization of primary human gingival epithelial cells for reproducible in vitro oral mucosa models.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Bioengineering the Junctional Epithelium in 3D Oral Mucosa Models.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2024Review
- Three-Dimensional Organotypic Systems for Modelling and Understanding Molecular Regulation of Oral Dentogingival Tissues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to systematically appraise the evidence on available full thickness 3D gingival and mucosal models (3D culture in scaffold base system) and their application in periodontal and peri-implant research. This study involved a systematic review of twenty-two studies obtained from searching from five electronic databases: MEDLINE-OVID, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, Web of Science Core Collection and LILACS, as well as a hand search of eligible articles up to September 2022. A total of 2338 studies were initially identified, after removal of duplicates (573), abstracts/title selection (1765), and full text screening (95), twenty-two studies were included, thirty-seven models were identified. Several cellular markers were reported by the studies included. The expression of keratinocytes differentiation markers (K4, K5, K10, K13, K14, K16, K17, K18, K19, involucrin, laminin5), proliferation marker (Ki67, CD90), and vimentin, Type I, II and IV collagen produced by fibroblasts were investigated in thirty models. No quantitative analyses were performed, and results of the review confirmed a substantial level of heterogeneity across experiments. In conclusion, there is currently insufficient evidence to conclude that the available 3D gingival and mucosal models can entirely recapitulate the human gingival tissue/mucosa and provide a useful research tool for periodontal and peri-implant research. This review also highlighted the lack of a standardized protocol to construct and characterize 3D gingival models. A new protocol is proposed for the characterization of in vitro gingival models for future research.
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Registered trials
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