ArticleSports medicine - open2023
Comparative Study of the Long-Term Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Nutritional Practices Among International Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: A Sample of 1420 Participants from 14 Countries.
Article in Sports medicine - open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of two consecutive COVID-19 outbreaks on the physical fitness in college students: a five-year longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Athletes' psychological strain, negative emotions, and suicidal ideation: a mixed methods study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and cognitive function in children and adolescents: a scoping review of dose-response relationships, screen time interactions, and public health implications.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection among Chinese elite athletes during overseas training and competitions: a large-scale cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Changes in physical fitness and body composition of athletes after the COVID-19 lockdown: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression, with assessment of the certainty of evidence.Biology of sport · 2026Review
- Analyzing Global Research Trends on Medical Resident Burnout and Physical Activity: A Bibliometric Analysis (2005-2025).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- From physical activity to sedentary behavior: the COVID-19 lockdown and mental health in high-performance athletes.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- The effect of COVID-19 on completed suicide rate in Iran: an Interrupted Time Series study (ITS).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Depressive and anxiety disorders in Polish children across the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide registry-based time-trend analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Impact of dietary magnesium intake on depression risk in American adults: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2020.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Exploring the relationship between mental health status and life events in children and adolescents: the role of mediating factors.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Supporting athletes during a challenging situation: recommendations from a global insight of COVID-19 home-based training experience.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mood and family relationships of runners.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Change in eating habits after 2 years of pandemic restrictions among adolescents living in a city in northern Italy: results of the COALESCENT Observational Study (Change amOng ItAlian adoLESCENTs).BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2024Article
- Chinese college students' mental health during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic: the protective role of family functioning.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Forgetting what shouldn't be forgotten: the new normal after the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Trends and factors influencing the mental health of college students in the post-pandemic: four consecutive cross-sectional surveys.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of anhedonia, anxiety, and their impact on food consumption among postgraduate Qassim University students.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Bridging the gap: strategies for recognizing and managing post-COVID conditions.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
40 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough several studies have shown that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown has had negative impacts on mental health and eating behaviors among the general population and athletes, few studies have examined the long-term effects on elite and sub-elite athletes. The present study aimed to investigate the long-term impact of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health and eating behaviors in elite versus sub-elite athletes two years into the pandemic. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted between March and April 2022, involving athletes from 14 countries, using a convenient non-probabilistic and snowball sampling method. A total of 1420 athletes (24.5 ± 7.9 years old, 569 elites, 35% women, and 851 sub-elites, 45% women) completed an online survey-based questionnaire. The questionnaire included a sociodemographic survey, information about the COVID-19 pandemic, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) for mental health assessment, and the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants (REAP-S) for assessing eating behavior.
resultsThe results showed that compared to sub-elite athletes, elite athletes had lower scores on the DASS-21 (p = .001) and its subscales of depression (p = .003), anxiety (p = .007), and stress (p < .001), as well as a lower REAP-S score indicating lower diet quality (p = .013).
conclusionIn conclusion, two years into the pandemic, elite athletes were likelier to have better mental health profiles than sub-elite athletes but surprisingly had lower diet quality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.