SynthesisGlobal health action2023
Workplace violence against healthcare workers in Pakistan; call for action, if not now, then when? A systematic review.
Synthesis in Global health action, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Empowering Change: A Systematic Review of the Challenges Faced by Female Healthcare Workers in Pakistan.Cureus · 2026Review
- Thoughts on Developing an Early Warning Model for Hospital Violence Risk Events Using Geographic Information Systems.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- Risk Assessment of Workplace Violence Against Nurses: How Data Collection Methods Influence Results-A Swedish and Italian Cross-Sectional Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Resilience of healthcare workers facing workplace violence in Shanghai: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Gender Professionalism: Redefining Respect in Healthcare and Medical Education.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Workplace violence against nurse: a systematic review and meta-analysis in Ethiopia.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Workplace Violence Is Home Now for Healthcare Workers: Spillover Theory Perspective.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025Article
- Violence at work experienced by nursing professionals working in hospital units: an exploratory and correlational study.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2025Article
- Workplace violence in primary health care workers: an integrative review.Revista brasileira de medicina do trabalho : publicacao oficial da Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho-ANAMTReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWorkplace violence (WPV) is a global problem that affects healthcare workers' physical and mental health and impairs work performance. Pakistan's healthcare system is not immune to WPV, which the World Health Organization recognises as an occupational hazard.
objectivesThe primary objective of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of physical, verbal, or other forms of WPV in healthcare workers in Pakistan. Secondary objectives include identifying the associated risk factors and perpetrators of WPV.
methodsA systematic review of six electronic databases was conducted through August 2022. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: 1) healthcare workers (HCWs), including physicians, nurses, and paramedic staff working in the private or public sector of Pakistan; 2) exposure to physical, verbal, or any type of violence. Data were extracted and analysed for the prevalence of WPV, types of violence, associated risk factors, and perpetrators of violence.
resultsTwenty-four studies including 16,070 HCWs were included in this review. Verbal violence was the most common form of violence levied, with its highest prevalence (100%) reported in Islamabad and lowest verbal violence prevalence (25%) in Karachi. Verbal abuse was preponderant against female HCWs, while physical abuse was directed more towards males. The most common perpetrators were patient attendants, followed by the patients.
conclusionOur review determines a 25-100% prevalence of WPV against HCWs in Pakistani medical setups. This occupational hazard needs the attention of relevant authorities in the country to put protective enforcement policies in place. Large-scale surveys should be conducted to better gauge the current plight of HCWs in the nation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.