Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37936697›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023

Application of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their agonists in cancer vaccines and immunotherapy.

Samik Chakraborty, Juan Ye, Herui Wang, Mitchell Sun, Yaping Zhang, Xueyu Sang, Zhengping Zhuang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Samik ChakrabortyNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Juan YeNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Herui WangNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Mitchell SunNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Yaping ZhangNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Xueyu SangNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Zhengping ZhuangNeuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed in various immune cell types and perform multiple purposes and duties involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity. Their capability to propagate immunity makes them attractive targets for the expansion of numerous immunotherapeutic approaches targeting cancer. These immunotherapeutic strategies include using TLR ligands/agonists as monotherapy or combined therapeutic strategies. Several TLR agonists have demonstrated significant efficacy in advanced clinical trials. In recent years, multiple reports established the applicability of TLR agonists as adjuvants to chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation, and immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines. Cancer vaccines are a relatively novel approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy and are currently under extensive evaluation for treating different cancers. In the present review, we tried to deliver an inclusive discussion of the significant TLR agonists and discussed their application and challenges to their incorporation into cancer immunotherapy approaches, particularly highlighting the usage of TLR agonists as functional adjuvants to cancer vaccines. Finally, we present the translational potential of rWTC-MBTA vaccination [irradiated whole tumor cells (rWTC) pulsed with phagocytic agonists Mannan-BAM, TLR ligands, and anti-CD40 agonisticAntibody], an autologous cancer vaccine leveraging membrane-bound Mannan-BAM, and the immune-inducing prowess of TLR agonists as a probable immunotherapy in multiple cancer types.

Indexed as

Cancer VaccinesNeoplasmsAdjuvants, ImmunologicHumansImmunotherapyMannansToll-Like ReceptorsAdjuvants, ImmunologicCancer VaccinesMannansToll-Like Receptorsadjuvantcancer immuno therapycancer vaccineimmunotherapyTLR agonistsTLR - toll-like receptor

Identifiers

PMID37936697
PMCPMC10626551

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.