ArticleEnvironmental science & technology2023
Pharmacokinetics of the Recalcitrant Drug Lamotrigine: Identification and Distribution of Metabolites in Cucumber Plants.
Article in Environmental science & technology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Human Keratinocytes and In Vitro Detection of Cytochrome P450-Mediated Phenolic Lamotrigine Metabolite.Chemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Bioaccessibility and Transformation of Conjugated Benzotriazole Phytometabolites during In Vitro Digestion: Implications for Exposure from Recycled Irrigation Water.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Accumulation and Subcellular Distribution Patterns of Carbamazepine in Hydroponic Vegetables.Biology · 2025Article
- Pharmaceutical metabolite identification in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry and in silico spectral library.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Treated wastewater is an important source of water for irrigation. As a result, irrigated crops are chronically exposed to wastewater-derived pharmaceuticals, such as the anticonvulsant drug lamotrigine. Lamotrigine is known to be taken up by plants, but its plant-derived metabolites and their distribution in different plant organs are unknown. This study aimed to detect and identify metabolites of lamotrigine in cucumber plants grown for 35 days in a hydroponic solution by using LC-MS/MS (Orbitrap) analysis. Our data showed that 96% of the lamotrigine taken up was metabolized. Sixteen metabolites possessing a lamotrigine core structure were detected. Reference standards confirmed two; five were tentatively identified, and nine molecular formulas were assigned. The data suggest that lamotrigine is metabolized via N-carbamylation, N-glucosidation, N-alkylation, N-formylation, N-oxidation, and amidine hydrolysis. The metabolites LTG-N
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Registered trials
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