SynthesisJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2024
Bone mineral density and the risk of incident dementia: A meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alzheimer's Disease Risk Factor APOE4 Exerts Dimorphic Effects on Female Bone.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Chronic low-grade inflammation drives skeletal aging and neurocognitive decline: inflammaging as a central hub coupling bone-brain aging.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Circulating neurodegenerative brain injury markers and hip fracture and fall hospitalizations: the Cardiovascular Health Study.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2025Article
- Osteoporosis and risk of dementia among older adults: a population‑based cohort study.Bone research · 2025Observational
- Association between osteoporosis and risk of dementia: a Korean women nationwide population-based cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Article
- Association of heel bone mineral density with incident dementia among ageing adults: a population-based study from the UK Biobank.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Association between self-reported multimorbidity and longitudinal brain Aβ deposition in Alzheimer's disease.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Scoping review exploring the impact of hip fracture in older adults with cognitive impairment or dementia.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Bridges: Interconnections Between Alzheimer's Disease and Bone Health.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- The potential link between the development of Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis.Biogerontology · 2025Review
- Impact of dementia and mild cognitive impairment on bone health in older people.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2024Review
- Mind Gaps and Bone Snaps: Exploring the Connection Between Alzheimer's Disease and Osteoporosis.Current osteoporosis reports · 2024Review
- Crosstalk between bone and brain in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Review
- Evaluating the effect of rapamycin treatment in Alzheimer's disease and aging using in vivo imaging: the ERAP phase IIa clinical study protocol.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Unraveling the impact of blood RANKL and OPG levels on Alzheimer's disease: Independent of bone mineral density and inflammation.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is not known whether bone mineral density (BMD) measured at baseline or as the rate of decline prior to baseline (prior bone loss) is a stronger predictor of incident dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD).
methodsWe performed a meta-analysis of three longitudinal studies, the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), the Rotterdam Study (RS), and the Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP), modeling the time to diagnosis of dementia as a function of BMD measures accounting for covariates. We included individuals with one or two BMD assessments, aged ≥60 years, and free of dementia at baseline with follow-up available. BMD was measured at the hip femoral neck using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), or at the heel calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound to calculate estimated BMD (eBMD). BMD at study baseline ("baseline BMD") and annualized percentage change in BMD prior to baseline ("prior bone loss") were included as continuous measures. The primary outcome was incident dementia diagnosis within 10 years of baseline, and incident AD was a secondary outcome. Baseline covariates included age, sex, body mass index, ApoE4 genotype, and education.
resultsThe combined sample size across all three studies was 4431 with 606 incident dementia diagnoses, 498 of which were AD. A meta-analysis of baseline BMD across three studies showed higher BMD to have a significant protective association with incident dementia with a hazard ratio of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.23-0.96; p = 0.038) per increase in g/cm
conclusionsBaseline BMD but not prior bone loss was associated with incident dementia in a meta-analysis across three studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.