ArticleEpidemiology and psychiatric sciences2023
Changing trends in the global burden of mental disorders from 1990 to 2019 and predicted levels in 25 years.
Article in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effectiveness of nature-based interventions on mental health: A systematic review.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2026Pooled it
- The range of countermeasures to reduce inequalities in mental health care for socially marginalized or medically vulnerable adults: a PRISMA systematic review.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Transcranial photobiomodulation therapy in older women regarding cognitive functions: a systematic review.Lasers in medical science · 2025Pooled it
- Global prevalence of post-miscarriage anxiety, depression, and stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Mechanical restraint in inpatient psychiatric settings: A systematic review of international prevalence, associations, outcomes, and reduction strategies.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Neurophysiological sensitivity in early childhood: EEG aperiodic slope moderates the association between maternal anxiety and child internalizing symptoms.Development and psychopathology · 2026Article
- Understanding Inequalities Shaping Engagement With Cultural and Green Assets to Improve Mental Health for Underserved Communities: A Qualitative Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Breaking the norm: population-scale deviations of brain structure in depression and anxiety.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of mobile health interventions for mental health literacy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Global burden of mental disorders among women of child-bearing age, 1990-2021, with projections to 2050.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Basic Psychological Needs and Mental Health in Primary Care: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- A generalizable computational framework for integrating heterogeneous biomarkers into interpretable scalar risk representations.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- The global burden of mental and substance use disorders among adolescents and young adults.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Validation-Aware Retrospective EEG Treatment-Response Modelling Using Chaotic Pattern of Prime Numbers Features: Segment-Level Separability and Subject-Wise Generalisation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Individualized Subcortical Functional Brain Organization Is Related to Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Behavior in Major Depressive Disorder.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Emotional Well-Being Trajectories Before and After Statutory Retirement-Contributions of Social and Health-Related Factors.Scandinavian journal of psychology · 2026Article
- Understanding the nature-wellbeing relationship in adults: a qualitative metasynthesis review.Wellbeing, space and society · 2026Review
- Psychosocial Stress in the Chinese Community: Speech Analytics Through Linguistic and Acoustic Fusion Using Machine Learning.JMIR biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Examining school mental health policy support for teachers diagnosed with mental illness through ecological and stress vulnerability frameworks.BMC public health · 2026Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
aimsThe burden of mental disorders is increasing worldwide, thus, affecting society and healthcare systems. This study investigated the independent influences of age, period and cohort on the global prevalence of mental disorders from 1990 to 2019; compared them by sex; and predicted the future burden of mental disorders in the next 25 years.
methodsThe age-specific and sex-specific incidence of mental disorders worldwide was analysed according to the general analysis strategy used in the Global Burden of Disease Study in 2019. The incidence and mortality trends of mental disorders from 1990 to 2019 were evaluated through joinpoint regression analysis. The influences of age, period and cohort on the incidence of mental disorders were evaluated with an age-period-cohort model.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the sex-specific age-standardized incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rate decreased slightly. Joinpoint regression analysis from 1990 to 2019 indicated four turning points in the male DALY rate and five turning points in the female DALY rate. In analysis of age effects, the relative risk (RR) of incidence and the DALY rate in mental disorders in men and women generally showed an inverted U-shaped pattern with increasing age. In analysis of period effects, the incidence of mental disorders increased gradually over time, and showed a sub-peak in 2004 (RR, 1.006 for males; 95% CI, 1.000-1.012; 1.002 for women, 0.997-1.008). Analysis of cohort effects showed that the incidence and DALY rate decreased in successive birth cohorts. The incidence of mental disorders is expected to decline slightly over the next 25 years, but the number of cases is expected to increase.
conclusionsAlthough the age-standardized burden of mental disorders has declined in the past 30 years, the number of new cases and deaths of mental disorders worldwide has increased, and will continue to increase in the near future. Therefore, relevant policies should be used to promote the prevention and management of known risk factors and strengthen the understanding of risk profiles and incidence modes of mental disorders, to help guide future research on control and prevention strategies.
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