Trial reportBMC psychology2023
The effect of happiness-based education on women's success of water pipe smoking cessation and happiness: a quasi-experimental study.
Trial report in BMC psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Educational attainment and subjective well-being among Chinese residents: the mediating role of language proficiency and the moderating role of the Hukou system.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Profiles of risk taking behaviors among hookah smokers and associations with life satisfaction.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWater pipe smoking by women threatens their health. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to reduce this unhealthy behavior. This study aimed to determine the effect of happiness-based education on women's success of water pipe smoking cessation and happiness.
methodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted on female water pipe smokers in Iran, from September to January 2021. The participants (n = 68) were selected using convenience sampling and assigned to the intervention and control groups (34 subjects per group) by blocked randomization. The intervention group received a happiness-based education for one month (eight sessions) based on the Fordyce happiness program. The control group did not receive any special education. Data were collected using the Water Pipe Dependence Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire before and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests by SPSS software version 22.
resultsTwo months after the intervention, the mean change in the happiness score was significantly higher in the intervention group (2.32 ± 2.31) than that in the control group (-0.29 ± 1.81) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean change in the score of water pipe dependence was significantly different between the intervention (-1.44 ± 1.4) and control (0.38 ± 0.85) groups (P < 0.001).
conclusionThe results showed that education based on Fordyce happiness program can increase the success of water pipe smoking cessation and happiness in women. Therefore, it is recommended to use similar interventions in women's health promotion programs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.