ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
Evaluating the impact of a street outreach intervention on participant involvement in gun violence.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of the Cure Violence Approach.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingPooled it
- Gun Violence Exposure and the Perceived Need to Carry a Firearm: The Role of Community Violence Intervention Awareness.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Effects of two community violence interruption programs on firearm violence in Washington, DC.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Community violence intervention: measuring risk & protective factors for gun use among program participants.Health & justice · 2026Review
- Gang membership, firearm victimization, and mental health in a national sample of U.S. adults.Injury epidemiology · 2026Article
- Engaging practitioners and academic researchers in co-developing evaluation measures for community violence interventions.Injury epidemiology · 2025Article
- Adapting a digital intervention to prevent youth violence and depressive symptoms from the emergency department for community violence interventions.Cogent mental health · 2025Article
- Investing in family-centered early childhood education: A conceptual model for preventing firearm homicide among Black male youth in the United States.Preventive medicine · 2024Review
- Community violence interventions and the vulnerability of "the violent".Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Evaluating the impact of a street outreach intervention on participant involvement in gun violence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Characterizing Violence Intervention Street Outreach Participants and Service Dosage: Implications for Measurement and Evaluation.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
- Sponsor's Perspective: Building a Roadmap of Comprehensive Community Violence Intervention Evaluation Practices.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The past several years have witnessed increased calls for community violence interventions (CVIs) that address firearm violence while centering local expertise and avoiding the criminal legal system. Currently, little evidence exists on CVI effectiveness at the individual level. This study presents an evaluation of the impact of a street outreach-based CVI [Chicago CRED (Create Real Economic Destiny)] on participant involvement in violence. We used a quasiexperimental design with a treatment sample of 324 men recruited by outreach staff from 2016 to 2021 and a balanced comparison sample of 2,500 men from a network of individuals arrested in CRED's service areas. We conducted a Bayesian survival analysis to evaluate CRED's effect on individual violence-related outcomes on three levels of treatment: All enrolled participants, a subsample that made it through the initial phase, and those who completed programming. The intervention had a strong favorable effect on the probability of arrest for a violent crime for those completing the program: After 24 mo, CRED alumni experienced an 11.3 percentage point increase in survival rates of arrest for a violent crime relative to their comparisons (or, stated differently, a 73.4% reduction in violent crime arrests). The other two treatment levels experienced nontrivial declines in arrests but did not reach statistical significance. No statistically significant reduction in victimization risk was detected for any of the treatment levels. Results demonstrate that completion of violence intervention programming reduces the likelihood of criminal legal involvement for participants, despite the numerous systemic and environmental factors that impede personal success.
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