ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
NK cell subsets and dysfunction during viral infection: a new avenue for therapeutics?
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Natural Killer (NK) Cells in Dengue Virus Infection: A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitors modulate natural killer cell function and differentiation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- PD‑L1 deficient exosomes derived from lung cancer cell line enhances NK cell‑mediated anti‑tumor immunity against lung cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint TIM-3 defines hyperactivated NK cells and predicts fatal outcome in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- What affects natural killer cell activity: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Effects of CMV on T and NK Cells; With Emphasis on Immunometabolism.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Clinical Experience with Inosine Pranobex in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Infections with Comorbidities: A Case Series from a Specialised Centre.Pediatric reports · 2025Article
- Phenotypic and epigenetic profiles of circulating NK cells in spontaneous HIV-1 controllers.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Impact of the IL-15 superagonist N-803 on lymphatic reservoirs of HIV.JCI insight · 2025Article
- NK Cells: A Powerful Squad Versus SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Transplant centers' prophylaxis and monitoring strategies: a key determinant of current herpes and polyomavirus incidences - results from the DZIF kidney transplant cohort.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Distinct immunity dynamics of natural killer cells in mild and moderate COVID-19 cases during the Omicron variant phase.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Observational
- Phenotypic characterization of NK cells in 5-year-old children exposed to maternal HIV and antiretroviral therapy in early-life.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Unraveling the dynamic mechanisms of natural killer cells in viral infections: insights and implications.Virology journal · 2024Review
- Peripheral PD-1Frontiers in immunology · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the setting of viral challenge, natural killer (NK) cells play an important role as an early immune responder against infection. During this response, significant changes in the NK cell population occur, particularly in terms of their frequency, location, and subtype prevalence. In this review, changes in the NK cell repertoire associated with several pathogenic viral infections are summarized, with a particular focus placed on changes that contribute to NK cell dysregulation in these settings. This dysregulation, in turn, can contribute to host pathology either by causing NK cells to be hyperresponsive or hyporesponsive. Hyperresponsive NK cells mediate significant host cell death and contribute to generating a hyperinflammatory environment. Hyporesponsive NK cell populations shift toward exhaustion and often fail to limit viral pathogenesis, possibly enabling viral persistence. Several emerging therapeutic approaches aimed at addressing NK cell dysregulation have arisen in the last three decades in the setting of cancer and may prove to hold promise in treating viral diseases. However, the application of such therapeutics to treat viral infections remains critically underexplored. This review briefly explores several therapeutic approaches, including the administration of TGF-β inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive NK cell therapies, CAR NK cells, and NK cell engagers among other therapeutics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.