ArticleScientific reports2023
Psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent substance use among people who inject drugs: a single-centre hospital-based study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The bidirectional enigma of glaucoma and anxiety: from neuroinflammatory mechanisms to mind-body integrated therapies.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Patterns of medical comorbidities among aging people receiving heroin-assisted treatment: A 10-year single-center repeated cross-sectional study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Psychosocial correlates of depression and anxiety among treatment-seeking individuals with opioid dependence: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Psychiatric Medication Treatment, Concurrent Substance Use, and Subsistence Difficulty Among People Who Inject Drugs with Diagnosed Mental Health Disorders in Los Angeles and Denver.Substance use & misuse · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The management of people who inject drugs (PWID) is compounded by the presence of psychiatric comorbidities leading to frequent relapses and poor treatment outcomes. Early identification and treatment of psychiatric comorbidities should be included in the management to enhance treatment outcomes. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent substance use among opioid injectors. This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to August 2022. This study included opioid injectors of all ages and both sexes. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview-7 (MINI-7) and WHO-ASSIST were used to determine psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent substance use, respectively. Both crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to assess associations among demographic variables, concurrent substance use and psychiatric comorbidities. Among the 328 opioid injectors, the overall prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities was 88.1%, with the majority (68.6%) having more than one comorbidity. The most common psychiatric comorbidities were panic disorder (41.2%), social anxiety disorder (40.5%), and antisocial personality disorder (39.3%). Concurrent use of alcoholic beverages doubled the risk of ASPD (odds ratio 2.14 (1.24-3.72)). Cocaine (odds ratio 2.36 (1.10-5.03)) and amphetamines (odds ratio 7.68 (2.21-26.65)) increased the risk of OCD. Daily heroin injections were negatively associated (odds ratio 0.18 (0.03-0.94)) with psychotic disorders. Younger age (adjusted odds ratio 0.20 (0.79-0.53)) and never married status (adjusted odds ratio 2.62 (1.06-6.47)) were the only significant variables in the regression analysis. In conclusion, opioid injectors had a higher prevalence of numerous psychiatric comorbidities. The most common comorbidity was anxiety disorders. Concurrent use of tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, inhalants, etc., greatly increased the risk of psychiatric comorbidities.
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