ArticleEnvironmental research2024
Prenatal exposure to replacement flame retardants and organophosphate esters and childhood adverse respiratory outcomes.
Article in Environmental research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Update of the risk assessment on emerging and novel brominated flame retardants in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Niacin Supplementation Alleviates TCIPP-Induced Lung Injury via Inhibition of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Breathing hazards: Perspective on the adverse health effects of organophosphate flame retardants.Journal of hazardous materials advances · 2025Article
- Developmental immunotoxicity study of tris(chloropropyl) phosphate in Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD rats exposed through dosed feed.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Maternal organophosphate esters and sex steroid hormones in mid-pregnancy.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Prenatal and postnatal exposure to organophosphate esters and replacement flame retardant mixtures and childhood respiratory outcomes.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe association of prenatal exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) and replacement brominated flame retardants (RBFRs) with respiratory outcomes has not been previously investigated in humans, despite reports that these chemicals can cross the placenta and alter lung development as well as immune functions.
methodsIn a cohort of 342 pregnant women recruited between 2003 and 2006 in the greater Cincinnati, Ohio Metropolitan area, we measured indoor dust OPEs and RBFRs at 20 weeks of gestation and urinary OPEs at 16 and 26 weeks of gestation and at delivery. We performed generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models adjusting for covariates to determine the associations of prenatal OPEs and RBFRs exposures with adverse respiratory outcomes in childhood, reported every six months until age 5 years and with lung function at age 5 years. We used multiple informant modeling to examine time-specific associations between maternal urinary OPEs and the outcomes.
resultsDust concentrations of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) (RR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.18-1.66), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (RR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.23-1.85), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (RR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.28-1.94) were associated with higher risk of wheezing during childhood. Dust TPHP concentrations were associated with higher risk of respiratory infections (RR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.08-1.94), and dust tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate concentrations were associated with hay fever/allergies (RR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21). We also found that dust tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate loadings were associated with lower lung function. Urinary OPEs mainly at week 16 of gestation tended to be associated with adverse respiratory outcome, while bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate and diphenyl phosphate at delivery were associated with lower risk of hay fever/allergies.
conclusionsIn-utero exposure to OPEs and RBFRs may be a risk factor for adverse respiratory outcomes in childhood, depending on the timing of exposure.
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