ArticleBMC health services research2023
Identifying the predictors of turnover intention based on nurse managers' toxic leadership behaviors among nurses in Iran: a cross-sectional correlational study.
Article in BMC health services research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- When nursing leadership turns toxic: mediating, amplifying, and buffering effects of emotional exhaustion, job insecurity, and coworker support.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- Understanding the Link Between Toxic Leadership and Employee Well-being: The Interplay of Employee Turnover, Organizational commitment, Shift timing & Industry Sector.F1000Research · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional network analysis of toxic leadership behaviors among nursing managers and anxiety-depression-stress among nurses: an exploratory study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Staff nurses' perceptions of toxic leadership behaviors in nurse managers: a latent profile analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Abusive supervision and nurses' deviant behaviors: the moderating effect of self-efficacy.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Relationship between different leadership styles of nursing managers and nurses' turnover intention in hospitals: an integrative review.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Translation and psychometric validation of the Persian version of the toxic leadership behaviors questionnaire in nursing management.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Workplace Gaslighting Is Associated with Nurses' Job Burnout and Turnover Intention in Greece.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Turnover intention among nurses in Iranian hospitals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Nurse Managers' Toxic Leadership Behaviors and Their Influence on Nurses' Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of nursing management · 2025Article
- The Effect of Ethical Leadership on Nurse Bullying, Burnout, and Turnover Intentions.Journal of nursing management · 2024Article
- Factors Affecting the Turnover Intention in Newly Graduated Nurses: A Narrative Review.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchReview
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUnfavorable leadership practices are a growing concern in the field of healthcare and nursing that have adverse consequences on nurses' career outcomes. One of the undesirable leadership styles is the toxic leadership style. Considering the importance of nursing managers' leadership style and its impact on nurses' performance and the scarcity of studies in this field, the present study was conducted to determine toxic leadership behaviors in nursing managers and their relationship with the turnover intention among nurses.
methodsA multicenter cross-sectional correlational study. This study involved 551 nurses from 5 educational-medical centers in Ardabil province, north-western Iran. Three self-report scales, including The demographic and occupational information form, the Toxic Leadership Behaviors of Nurse Managers Scale (ToxBH-NM), and the turnover intention questionnaire were adopted for assessment purposes in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 22) software using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient test, t-test, ANOVA test, and multiple linear regression analysis.
resultsOverall, 551 nurses participated in this research. There was a significantly positive relationship between Turnover intention and Toxic leadership behavior Subscales (r = 0.475, p < 0.001). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed Toxic leadership behavior Subscales (Intemperate behavior, Narcissistic behavior, Self-promoting behavior, and Humiliating behavior), Hospital, unit, Age, and Marital status predict Turnover intention when other variables are controlled.
conclusionA leader who directly and indirectly adopts toxic behavior toward their employees destructively affects both individuals and organizations. Nurses who work for a manager exhibiting toxic leadership behaviors demonstrated higher turnover intention.
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