ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2024
Sex differences in energy metabolism: natural selection, mechanisms and consequences.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Modest Carbohydrate-Energy Supplementation on Resistance Training Adaptations in Trained Men: A Crossover Trial.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Age and sex shape plasma lipid associations to skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and HGeroScience · 2026Article
- Systematic Comparison of High-Fat Diet- and Streptozotocin-Induced Prediabetic Obese C57BL/6J Mouse Models: A Sex-Based Protocol Optimization Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- RNA sequencing in adult Drosophila females identifies estrogen-related receptor-dependent transcriptional changes in metabolism, DNA replication, and translation.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota restructured by social isolation: Evidence for sex-specific response patterns.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Sex differences in cardiovascular‑kidney‑metabolic syndrome: From pathogenesis to treatment response (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Sexual identity of Akh neurons shapes Nucb1-dependent metabolic and reproductive plasticity.iScience · 2026Article
- Sexually dimorphic ATF4 expression in the fat confers female stress tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster.Genetics · 2026Article
- Sexual dimorphism in the development and function of the melanocortin system.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Prefrontal-medullary circuitry is necessary for sex-specific responses to metabolic stress in rats.Endocrinology · 2026Article
- RNA Sequencing in AdultbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Endothelial NOX1 Drives Obesity via Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction.Circulation research · 2026Article
- Polystyrene Microplastics and Lead Co-Exposure Disturbed Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Modifies the Impact of Glucose on Arterial Aging in A Sex-Specific Manner.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Associations of taste receptor gene variants with Body Mass Index (BMI) and longevity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Aging of Nonhuman Primate Eyes Is Sexually Dimorphic.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Sex as a biological variable in nonclinical studies: Bridging scientific rigor, animal welfare, and regulatory expectations.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Sex differences in response to a short-term training program intervention in obese adolescents: a plasma metabolomics study.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Muscle metabolic responses to a 5v5 football game in trained female football players.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis operates differently in men and women. This sex asymmetry is the result of evolutionary adaptations that enable women to resist loss of energy stores and protein mass while remaining fertile in times of energy deficit. During starvation or prolonged exercise, women rely on oxidation of lipids, which are a more efficient energy source than carbohydrates, to preserve glucose for neuronal and placental function and spare proteins necessary for organ function. Carbohydrate reliance in men could be an evolutionary adaptation related to defence and hunting, as glucose, unlike lipids, can be used as a fuel for anaerobic high-exertion muscle activity. The larger subcutaneous adipose tissue depots in healthy women than in healthy men provide a mechanism for lipid storage. As female mitochondria have higher functional capacity and greater resistance to oxidative damage than male mitochondria, uniparental inheritance of female mitochondria may reduce the transmission of metabolic disorders. However, in women, starvation resistance and propensity to obesity have evolved in tandem, and the current prevalence of obesity is greater in women than in men. The combination of genetic sex, programming by developmental testosterone in males, and pubertal sex hormones defines sex-specific biological systems in adults that produce phenotypic sex differences in energy homeostasis, metabolic disease and drug responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.