ArticleBMJ open2023
Perception of and legal compliance with the law prohibiting cigarette sales to minors in Thailand following the raising of the minimum selling age to 20 years: a cross-sectional survey.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- What is the Relationship Between Raising the Minimum Legal Sales Age of Tobacco Above 20 and Cigarette Smoking? A Systematic Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Pooled it
- Global Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years Attributable to Tobacco Exposure Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis of GBD 2021 Data With Projections to 2042.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Awareness and compliance with tobacco control policies among retailers near schools in Arghakhanchi, Nepal: A mixed- methods study.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Implementation of tobacco control policy at the local level in Thailand: Performance evaluation and associated factors.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence in Mainland China.European urology open science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe minimum age for cigarette sales in Thailand was increased from 18 to 20 years, as stipulated in the Tobacco Products Control Act B.E. 2017. This study investigated tobacco retailers' perceptions, cigarette sales behaviour and other factors relevant to selling cigarettes to people younger than 20 years in areas surrounding schools in Thailand.
designCross-sectional survey.
settingTobacco shops within a radius of 500 m of secondary schools across four regions of Thailand. Data collection took place between May and August 2019.
participants1440 tobacco retailers (grocery or convenience stores) were sampled via a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling method. 1021 retailers completed the self-administered questionnaire. OUTCOME MEASURES: Tobacco sales to people younger than 20 years.
resultsThe prevalence of the retailers' cigarette sales to youth younger than 20 years was 38.20% (95% CI 35.2% to 41.3%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed associations with sale of single cigarettes (adjusted OR (AOR) 23.14, 95% CI 15.13 to 35.39), self-service sale of cigarettes (4.21, 2.59 to 6.86) and display of cigarettes at the point of sale (2.39, 1.47 to 3.89). Cigarette sales to underage youth were higher among retailers located in the northeast region (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.64) and among those who did not perceive the prosecution of violators in the past year (1.85, 1.16 to 2.96).
conclusionA large percentage of cigarette retailers violated the laws related to underage cigarette sales. Measures to minimise retailers' legally non-compliant sales behaviours should be implemented along with improved legal enforcement.
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