Observational studyChild abuse & neglect2023
Associations between COVID-19-related family hardships/distress and children's Adverse Childhood Experiences during the pandemic: The Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program.
Observational study in Child abuse & neglect, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-Creating a District-Wide Professional Development Program and Implementation Model for Trauma-Informed Schools.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Adverse childhood experiences are associated with perceived cognitive difficulties among high school students in the United States.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 17 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEconomic hardships imposed by the pandemic could have implications for children's experiences of adversity in the home, or Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs).
objectiveThis observational cohort study examined associations between COVID-19-related hardships and distress (e.g., job loss, caregiver stress) and the cumulative number of child ACEs reported by caregivers during the pandemic (i.e., March 1, 2020-February 28, 2022). PARTICIPANTS AND
settingThe study included children (N = 4345; median age = 6.0 years, interquartile range = 4-9 years) and their parents/caregivers who participated in the NIH-funded Environmental influences in Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program.
methodsWe described socio-demographic characteristics and pandemic-related family hardships/distress and cumulative child ACE scores reported during pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. We used negative binomial regression models to evaluate associations between pandemic-related family hardships and cumulative child ACE scores reported during the pandemic.
resultsEach caregiver-reported hardship/distress was associated with higher child ACE scores reported during the pandemic. After accounting for pre-pandemic child ACE scores, moderate and severe symptoms of pandemic-related traumatic stress among caregivers were associated with 108 % and 141 % higher child ACE scores reported during the pandemic, respectively, compared with no or low caregiver symptoms. In addition, finance-related stress during the pandemic was associated with 47 % higher child ACE scores. After adjusting for pre-pandemic child experiences of neglect, most sources of stress remained significantly associated with higher child ACE scores reported during the pandemic, particularly severe/very severe symptoms of pandemic-related traumatic stress among caregivers. Findings held for children with no known pre-pandemic ACEs.
conclusionsThis research suggests that caregivers experiencing financial hardships and those with severe pandemic-related traumatic stress may require additional support systems during stressful events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.