ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2023
Choroidal Hyper-Reflective Foci in Geographic Atrophy.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hyperreflective Choroidal Foci Characterization Supports the Existence of Different Clinical Phenotypes of Geographic Atrophy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Hyperreflective choroidal foci may predict pachychoroid macular atrophy development in central serous chorioretinopathy.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Hypertransmission and Vision in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Longitudinal Data From ALSTAR2.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Choroidal Hyperreflective Foci Represent a Common Finding Across Different Types of Macular Atrophy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Hyperreflective Foci Along the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Predict the Onset of Large Choroidal Hypertransmission Defects in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Retinal Hyperreflective Foci Are Biomarkers of Ocular Disease: A Scoping Review With Evidence From Humans and Insights From Animal Models.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Hyperreflective Choroidal Foci: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research · 2025Review
- Topographical Quantification of Hyper-Reflective Foci May Predict the Development of Macular Atrophy in Patients With Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Spatial Distribution of Hyperreflective Choroidal Foci in the Macula of Normal Eyes.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Deep Learning in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the presence of choroidal hyper-reflective foci (HRF) on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with geographic atrophy (GA). The relationship between the presence and quantity of choroidal HRF and other clinical and imaging factors was also investigated. Methods: A total of 40 participants (40 eyes) with GA and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were retrospectively analyzed. OCT images were reviewed for the presence, characteristics, and localization of choroidal HRF. The amount of choroidal HRF was quantified in different choroidal layers by two different (i.e. threshold reflectivity and manual counting) methodologies. The primary outcome was to describe and quantify choroidal HRF and correlate them with GA lesion size. Results: Structural OCT images showed that all patients had multiple hyper-reflective deposits in different layers of the choroid. These hyper-reflective deposits in the choroid were located near Bruch's membrane or the edges of the blood vessels, particularly in the Sattler's layer, and none were observed inside the vessels. Choroidal HRF exhibited variable size and shape and varying effects on the posterior signal, including shadowing or hypertransmission. Mean ± SD number of choroidal HRF per B-scan was 21.5 ± 15.4 using the threshold reflectivity methodology and 25.1 ± 16.0 using the manual counting methodology. A significant correlation between the untransformed GA size and number of HRF was found, considering both quantitative strategies. Conclusions: Hyper-reflective dots in the choroid of subjects with GA may be readily identified with structural OCT. These HRF might represent a natural component of the choroid that becomes more visible due to the absence of the retinal pigment epithelium.
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