ArticlePloS one2023
Proximal determinants of suboptimal early child development during the first three years of life in socially deprived Mexican contexts.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04210362 (External Evaluation of the Neurological and Psycho-affective Early Childhood Development Program of the Mexican Non-governmental Organization Un Kilo de Ayuda), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
External Evaluation of the Neurological and Psycho-affective Early Childhood Development Program of the Mexican Non-governmental Organization Un Kilo de Ayuda
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Social and economic predictors of under-five stunting in Mexico: a comprehensive approach through the XGB model.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Epigenetic signatures of intergenerational exposure to violence in three generations of Syrian refugees.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Assessing the status and determinants of early child development (ECD) requires accurate and regularly updated measurements. Yet, little information has been published on the subject in low- and middle-income countries, particularly regarding the proximal determinants of childhood development in contexts of high social marginalization. This article analyzes the factors that favor or mitigate suboptimal ECD outcomes in Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted using recently collected data for 918 children aged 0-38 months from socially marginalized communities in 23 Mexican municipalities. The ECD outcomes of the children were estimated based on indicators of chronic undernutrition and neurodevelopment (normal, lagging and at risk of delay). The distribution of outcomes was described across the ECD proximal determinants analyzed, including the co-occurrence of chronic undernutrition and suboptimal neurodevelopment. Covariate-adjusted prevalence of the ECD outcomes and co-occurrences were calculated as post-estimations from a multiple multinomial logistic regression. The prevalence of chronic undernutrition was 23.5%; 45.9% of children were classified with neurodevelopmental lag, and 11% at risk of neurodevelopmental delay. The prevalence of stunting co-occurring with suboptimal neurodevelopment came to 15.4%. The results of the multinomial logistic regression model indicated that early gestational age, low birth weight, a low household socioeconomic level, being male and having numerous siblings were all associated with the co-occurrence of chronic undernutrition and suboptimal child neurodevelopment. This study identified important predictors of child development in the first three years of life, specifically in two of its principal indicators: nutritional and neurodevelopmental status. Most of the predictors observed can be improved by means of social programs and interventions. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04210362.
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