ReviewCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2023
The progress of research on immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance and reversal strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Review in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploratory Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Profile Changes Following Lenvatinib and Anti-PD-1 Combination Therapy in Liver Cancer.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Novel PD-L1 Small-Molecule Inhibitors Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Tissue and blood-based predictive biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy: synthesis of 2023-2026 evidence and a proposed clinical integration framework.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Updates on cancer vaccines in brain cancer: Advances in neuroblastoma, delivery systems, and emerging technologies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Targeting tumor-associated macrophages to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Autophagy in tumor immune escape and immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Identification of CAF signature genes and construction of CAF-based risk signature in hepatocellular carcinoma by multi-omics analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Prognostic significance of reduced handgrip strength in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma receiving HAIC combined with targeted immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The current status and future of targeted-immune combination for hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The pattern of tumor progression on first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor-based systemic therapy for Chinese advanced hepatocellular carcinoma -CLEAP 004 study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Targeting regulated cell death pathways in cancers for effective treatment: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in humans, which is prone to recurrence and metastasis and has a poor prognosis. The occurrence and progression of HCC are closely related to immune elimination, immune homeostasis, and immune escape of the immune system. In recent years, immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has shown powerful anti-tumor capabilities in HCC patients. However, there are still some HCC patients who cannot benefit from ICIs treatment due to their innate or acquired drug resistance. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to explore the possible mechanisms of resistance to ICIs in HCC and to use them as a target to design strategies to reverse resistance, to overcome drug resistance in HCC and to improve the prognosis of patients. This article summarizes the possible primary (tumor microenvironment alteration, and signaling pathways, etc.) and acquired (immune checkpoint upregulation) resistance mechanisms in patients with HCC treated with ICIs, and based on this, discusses the status and effectiveness of combination drug strategy to reverse drug resistance, to provide a reference for subsequent related studies and decisions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.