SynthesisArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2024
Pain and anxiety management with virtual reality for office hysteroscopy: systemic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Virtual Reality for Pain Management and Patient Satisfaction During Outpatient Hysteroscopy: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparisons Between Virtual Reality and Hypno-Virtual Reality for Procedural Pain and Anxiety During a Diagnostic Hysteroscopy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality for Pain Relief in Procedures Related to Obstetrics and Gynaecology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of virtual reality interventions on anxiety symptoms in women undergoing gynecological examinations and surgeries: a multi-level dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of remimazolam for sedation during gynaecologic procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of virtual reality on pregnant women and fetuses: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of immersive virtual reality on fear, anxiety, and pain in pregnant women during vaginal examination in clinical training: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Comparison of virtual reality and podcasts for improving patient experience during colposcopy: a randomized controlled trial.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Trial
- A prospective trial comparing the effect of preoperative information given verbally with the use of an explanatory animated video before outpatient hysteroscopy on patients' anxiety and pain.Facts, views & vision in ObGyn · 2026Article
- Virtual Reality for Analgesia During Intrauterine Device Insertion: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- The impact of virtual reality technology in the era of See & Treat hysteroscopy: a randomised controlled trial.Facts, views & vision in ObGyn · 2025Article
- Uptake of virtual reality in outpatient hysteroscopy: a prospective observational study.Facts, views & vision in ObGyn · 2025Article
- Postoperative pulmonary edema and pulmonary hemorrhage following hysteroscopy.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Reducing Pain and Stress During Office Hysteroscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- TikTok as a platform for hysteroscopy information: An analytical video-based cross-sectional study to assess quality, reliability, and accuracy.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
- Extended Reality Analgesia Evidence Reviews Often Lack Sufficient Intervention Detail.Journal of medical extended reality · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeOffice hysteroscopy (OH) is a commonly performed procedure, although it might be associated with some degree of pain and anxiety. Our aim was to determine the effects of virtual reality on pain and anxiety levels felt by patients undergoing OH.
methodsMEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, ProQuest, Grey literature, and manual searching of references within studies found in the initial search were systematically searched using the terms 'Virtual Reality' and 'Hysteroscopy' without time or language limitations. The review considered all studies assessing the impact of virtual reality (VR) over OH outcomes, and prospective randomized trials were included in the meta-analysis. Retrospective and case - control studies were excluded from the meta-analysis.
resultsWe identified 17 studies, of which four randomized controlled studies were included in the meta-analysis (327 participants, 168 in the VR group and 159 in the control group). On a 0-10 scale, pain sensation and maximal pain sensation during the operation were not statistically different between study and control groups (relative risk (RR) = -0.64, 95% C.I (-1.57)0.29) and (RR = -0.93, 95% C.I (-3.33) - 1.47), respectively. Anxiety measurement was statistically lower in the study group (RR = -1.73, 95% C.I (-2.79) - ( -0.67)).
conclusionsThe available data suggest that VR techniques do not decrease the pain sensation during OH however, they do contribute to a reduction in the anxiety levels experienced by patients. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023432819.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.