ArticleHealth science reports2023
Anemia prevalence and its predictors among children under-five years in Ghana. A multilevel analysis of the cross-sectional 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey.
Article in Health science reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- An ensemble machine learning approach for predicting anemia among under-five children in malaria-endemic sub-Saharan African countries.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Spatial variation and distribution of anaemia among children aged 6-59 months in Madagascar: a population-based cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Anemia Among Hospitalized Children in a Ghanaian Pediatric Emergency Unit: A Prospective Observational Study of Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Hematologic Patterns.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Trends and inequalities in insecticide-treated net use among children under five in Ghana, 2003-2022: analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys using the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT).Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- The double burden: co-occurrence of malaria and anaemia in children under five in Ghana - a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Clinical malaria in three ecological zones in the Volta and Oti Regions of Ghana.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Early Childhood Anemia in Ghana: Prevalence and Predictors Using Machine Learning Techniques.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nutritional Composition and Acceptability of Egg Powder-Fortified Tom Brown Among School-Aged Children in the Wa Municipality.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Characteristics of Anemia in Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years Attending External Consultations at a Pediatric Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Spatial distribution and determinants of anemia among under-five children in Mozambique.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Determinants of anemia among children under five in Eastern Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Trends and inequalities in anaemia prevalence among children aged 6-59 months in Ghana, 2003-2022.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Anemia prevalence and its predictors among children under-five years in Ghana. A multilevel analysis of the cross-sectional 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Predicting childhood anaemia in Ghana with explainable machine learning: A national survey analysis.Digital healthArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and Aims: Despite the implementation of anemia control interventions in Ghana, anemia prevalence is still high in children under-fives. Reducing the prevalence of anemia requires identifying and targeting associated critical risk factors. This study seeks to identify predictors of anemia among children under-fives in Ghana. Methods: Nationally representative data from the 2019 Ghana Malaria Indicator Survey was used in this study. Both fixed and random effects (multilevel) logistic regression models were applied to 2434 children to identify critical factors associated with anemia. Results: In this study, 54% (95% confidence interval [CI] 52.0-57.0) of children under-5 years were anemic. Infants were more likely to be anemic (66.7%) compared with other children below 5 years. In the multivariable multilevel model, the risk of anemia was found to be higher in younger children especially 6-11 months old (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.59, CI: 2.54-5.08) and 12-23 months old (aOR = 2.97, CI: 2.08-4.23), children who had malaria (aOR = 1.53, CI: 1.13-2.06), children whose mothers were not registered but not covered with health insurance (aOR = 1.45, CI: 1.21-1.74) or were not even registered for insurance (aOR = 1.49, CI: 1.15-1.93), children born to adolescent mothers (aOR = 2.21, CI: 1.36-3.57), children born to non-Christian mothers (Islam [aOR = 1.53, CI: 1.17-2.00]), children born to families of poorer households (poorest [aOR = 3.01, CI: 1.64-5.51]; poorer [aOR = 2.56, CI: 1.65-3.98]); middle (aOR = 2.03, CI: 1.32-3.11) and richer (aOR = 1.78, CI: 1.19-2.64), and children who lived in either Upper East (aOR = 2.03, CI: 1.26-3.26) or Central (aOR = 2.52, CI: 1.42-4.47) regions. Significant unobserved community-level differences in anemia prevalence were observed. Conclusion: The probability of anemia in children under-fives differs substantially from one community to another, and the prevalence remains high. The identified critical risk factors should be addressed. Multifaceted and targeted approaches are needed to help reduce the anemia prevalence in this setting to achieve the multiple United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals, which are related to risk and prevalence of anemia by 2030.
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