ArticleClinical kidney journal2023
Are there sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes in non-dialysis CKD patients?
Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Diseases and Vascular Function in Chronic Kidney Disease.Cardiology clinics · 2025Review
- Global ischemic heart disease burden attributable to kidney dysfunction from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2050: results from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Sex disparities in mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in chronic kidney disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Sex differences for cardiovascular (CV) risk and outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients not on dialysis have been scarcely or never investigated. We therefore studied this important aspect in a cohort of CKD stage 2-5 in the south of Italy. Methods: We tested the relationship between sex and fatal and non-fatal major CV events in a cohort of 759 stage 2-5 CKD patients followed up for a median time of 36 months. Results: Out of 759 patients, 455 were males (60%) and the remaining 304 patients were females (40%). During the follow-up, 42 patients died, and 118 had fatal and non-fatal CV events. On univariate Cox regression analyses, the male sex failed to be associated with all-cause mortality but was strongly related to the incidence rate of fatal and non-fatal major CV events [hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-2.60, Conclusion: Male patients in stage G2-5 CKD had a higher risk for CV events compared with female patients. Age was shown to be a risk modifier for the association between sex and CV events and this risk increased linearly across a wide age spectrum in CKD patients.
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Registered trials
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