Producer attitudes regarding antimicrobial use and resistance in Canadian cow-calf herds.

Objective: To describe producer attitudes toward antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), identify factors associated with attitudes, and inform stewardship initiatives. Animal: Beef cattle, cow-calf. Procedure: Cow-calf producers from the Canadian Cow-Calf Surveillance Network (C3SN) completed a survey ( Results: Most producers (78%, 114/146) reported being aware of initiatives to improve antimicrobial stewardship within the beef industry and 67% (97/146) indicated that AMR was a highly important issue to the industry and producers personally. Almost half of producers reported concerns that AMR development has impacted AMU decisions on their operations. Overall, veterinarians were producers' primary source of information regarding AMU, including treatment protocols, stewardship programs, and regulatory changes. Following introduction of the 2018 prescription-only regulations, 95% (138/146) of producers reported no change in AMU on their operations. Similarly, 77% (112/146) of producers reported no change in antimicrobial product access, whereas 63% (91/146) reported no change in cost. Conclusion: Most producers reported little change in access to antimicrobials and in AMU following the introduction of regulations requiring a prescription for MIA. Clinical relevance: Producers rely on veterinarians as their primary source of information regarding antimicrobial regulations and AMU. It is therefore important for veterinarians to understand their role as educators for beef cow-calf producers. Ultimately, veterinarians and producers need to work together to ensure that the health and welfare of animals are protected while using antimicrobials in a responsible manner.