Gossypiboma left behind in a cesarean section ended up with a failed laparotomic excision, which demanded another laparotomy to remove it: a rare case report.

Introduction and importance: Retained surgical items are an uncommon complication for surgical operations, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 5500 to 1 in 18 000 operations. Retained surgical sponges are the most common retained surgical items, accounting for nearly 70%. In 1884, Wilson reported the first retained foreign body after laparotomy. Case presentation: A 22-year-old woman was referred to our hospital complaining of a feeling of abdominal bloating and heaviness associated with pain, fever, fatigue, and severe stink vaginal discharges. Past surgical history included a cesarean section followed by laparotomy to remove a foreign body left behind; the obstetrician denied the presence of any foreign body. The diagnosis of retained surgical sponges was done in our hospital, according to the clinical history and radiographic study. The second laparotomy was performed, and the surgical sponge was removed. Clinical discussion: Retained surgical items' symptoms vary according to the site and types of materials. The diagnosis may be difficult because it resembles benign or malignant soft-tissue tumors of the abdomen and pelvis. Ultrasound and computed tomography have been used for the diagnosis of retained surgical items. The minimally invasive surgical approach appears to be most successful if the object is located early in the postoperative course. Conclusion: Retained surgical items are serious problems of surgical operations and should be among the differential diagnosis of any abdominal pain in patients with a history of prior surgery.