ArticleNature protocols2023
Activation of mechanoluminescent nanotransducers by focused ultrasound enables light delivery to deep-seated tissue in vivo.
Article in Nature protocols, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurostimulation in the treatment of psychiatric disorders: Underlying mechanisms and critical analysis of circuit-based interventions.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Mechanoluminescent Manganese Halide Toward External-Light-Free Photochemistry.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Stress-to-Light Conversion in an Earth-Abundant Oxide Semiconductor.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Ambient Light-Activatable Luminescent Particle-Embedded Conformal Patch for Photochemical Tissue Bonding and Photobiomodulated Healing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Near-infrared stress memory emitters enable delayed impact visualization in illuminated environments.Nature communications · 2026Article
- An ultrasound-scanning in vivo light source.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Self-powered mechanoluminescent elastomer for solar-blind ultraviolet emission.Light, science & applications · 2026Article
- Recent Progress in Mechanoluminescence for Multi-Dimensional Stress Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Visually encoded mechanoluminescence through hierarchical structuring with microscale patterns and nanoscale features.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sound, Force and Light Induced Emissions from ErAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- Genetics-Based Targeting Strategies for Precise Neuromodulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Self-recoverable elastico mechanoluminescence of a hybrid metal halide crystal.National science review · 2025Article
- Article
- Robotic Actuation-Mediated Quantitative Mechanogenetics for Noninvasive and On-Demand Cancer Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Force-Based Neuromodulation.Accounts of chemical research · 2024Review
- Integrated multiomic profiling of breast cancer in the Chinese population reveals patient stratification and therapeutic vulnerabilities.Nature cancer · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Light is used extensively in biological and medical research for optogenetic neuromodulation, fluorescence imaging, photoactivatable gene editing and light-based therapies. The major challenge to the in vivo implementation of light-based methods in deep-seated structures of the brain or of internal organs is the limited penetration of photons in biological tissue. The presence of light scattering and absorption has resulted in the development of invasive techniques such as the implantation of optical fibers, the insertion of endoscopes and the surgical removal of overlying tissues to overcome light attenuation and deliver it deep into the body. However, these procedures are highly invasive and make it difficult to reposition and adjust the illuminated area in each animal. Here, we detail a noninvasive approach to deliver light (termed 'deLight') in deep tissue via systemically injected mechanoluminescent nanotransducers that can be gated by using focused ultrasound. This approach achieves localized light emission with sub-millimeter resolution and millisecond response times in any vascularized organ of living mice without requiring invasive implantation of light-emitting devices. For example, deLight enables optogenetic neuromodulation in live mice without a craniotomy or brain implants. deLight provides a generalized method for applications that require a light source in deep tissues in vivo, such as deep-brain fluorescence imaging and photoactivatable genome editing. The implementation of the entire protocol for an in vivo application takes ~1-2 weeks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.