Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37913612›Full record

ArticleSeminars in arthritis and rheumatism2023

Risk factors and outcomes for repeat COVID-19 infection among patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A case-control study.

Emily N Kowalski, Xiaosong Wang, Naomi J Patel, Yumeko Kawano, Claire E Cook, Kathleen M M Vanni, Grace Qian, Katarina J Bade, Shruthi Srivatsan, Zachary K Williams and 2 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Emily N KowalskiDivision of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Xiaosong WangDivision of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Naomi J PatelDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Rheumatology Associates, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Yumeko KawanoDivision of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Claire E CookDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Rheumatology Associates, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Rheumatology and Allergy Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 1600, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Kathleen M M VanniDivision of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Grace QianDivision of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Katarina J BadeDivision of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Shruthi SrivatsanDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Rheumatology Associates, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Rheumatology and Allergy Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 1600, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Zachary K WilliamsDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Rheumatology Associates, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Rheumatology and Allergy Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 1600, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Zachary S WallaceDivision of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Rheumatology Associates, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Rheumatology and Allergy Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Mongan Institute, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 1600, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Jeffrey A SparksDivision of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: jsparks@bwh.harvard.edu.
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USMassachusetts General Hospital · USHarvard University · US

Funding

MECHANISMS OF ARTHRITIC &DERMATOLOGY DISORDERST32AR007530 · NIAMS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Michael B. Brenner, Ellen M Gravallese · 1986 to 2026
$10.4M
VERITY: Value and Evidence in Rheumatology using bioInformaTics, and advanced analYticsP30AR072577 · NIAMS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Daniel Hal Solomon · 2017 to 2026
$9.8M
Joint Biology Consortium Resource-based CenterP30AR070253 · NIAMS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Peter A Nigrovic, Jeffrey Andrew Sparks · 2016 to 2026
$9.4M
Rheumatoid Arthritis-Related Autoantibodies, Articular Inflammation, and RA-Associated Interstitial Lung DiseaseR01AR077607 · NIAMS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI SPARKS, JEFFREY ANDREW · 2021 to 2025
$3.7M
Immunologic and Clinical Sequelae after COVID-19 in Patients with Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic DiseasesR01AR080659 · NIAMS · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Jeffrey Andrew Sparks · 2023 to 2026
$2.9M
Impact of ANCA Type and Rituximab vs. Cyclophosphamide on Cardiovascular Risk, Mortality, and Quality-Adjusted Life Years inANCA-Associated VasculitisK23AR073334 · NIAMS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WALLACE, ZACHARY SCOTT · 2018 to 2022
$948k
Personalizing AAV Management by Leveraging Big Data: Targeting Complication ClustersR03AR078938 · NIAMS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WALLACE, ZACHARY SCOTT · 2021 to 2022
$189k
NIAMS NIH HHS K23 AR073334NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR070253NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR072577NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR077607NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR080659NIAMS NIH HHS R03 AR078938NIAMS NIH HHS T32 AR007530
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate risk factors and outcomes of repeat COVID-19 infections among patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs).

methodsWe performed a case-control study investigating repeat COVID-19 infection within the Mass General Brigham Health Care System. We systematically identified all SARD patients with confirmed COVID-19 (15/Mar/2020 to 17/Oct/2022). Cases had confirmed repeat COVID-19 infections >60 days apart (index date: repeat COVID-19 date). Controls were matched to cases (up to 3:1) by calendar date of first infection and duration between first COVID-19 infection and index dates. We collected demographics, lifestyle, comorbidities, SARD features, and COVID-19 characteristics at initial infection and index date by medical record review. We used conditional logistic regression to identify associations with repeat COVID-19 infection, adjusting for potential confounders. We described the severity of repeat COVID-19 infection among cases.

resultsAmong 2203 SARD patients with COVID-19, we identified 76 cases with repeat COVID-19 infection (80.3 % female) and matched to 207 matched controls (77.8 % female) with no repeat infection. At first infection, cases were younger (mean 49.5 vs. 60.3 years, p < 0.0001), less likely to have hypertension (32.9 % vs. 45.9 %, p = 0.050), and less likely to have been hospitalized for COVID-19 (13.2 % vs. 24.6 %, p = 0.037) than controls. At index date, cases were more likely than controls to be rituximab users (18.4 % vs. 6.3 %, p = 0.0021). In the multivariable model, younger age (OR 0.67 per 10 years, 95 %CI 0.54-0.82), rituximab use vs. non-use (OR 3.38, 95 %CI 1.26-9.08), and methotrexate use vs. non-use (OR 2.24, 95 %CI 1.08-4.61) were each associated with repeat COVID-19 infection. Among those with repeat COVID-19 infection, 5/76 (6.6 %) were hospitalized and there were no deaths.

conclusionYounger age, rituximab, and methotrexate were each associated with repeat COVID-19 infection risk among patients with SARDs. Reassuringly, there were no deaths, and the hospitalization rate was low among those with repeat COVID-19 infection.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesCOVID-19Rheumatic DiseasesCase-Control StudiesChildFemaleHumansMaleMethotrexateRisk FactorsRituximabMethotrexateRituximabCOVID-19EpidemiologyImmunosuppressionReinfection

Identifiers

PMID37913612
PMCPMC10842150
OpenAlexW4388159502

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.