ArticleScience immunology2023
Cold-blooded vertebrates evolved organized germinal center-like structures.
Article in Science immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals IgMZoological research · 2026Article
- IMGTAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- N1MΨU-modified mRNA vaccines break the mold in fish by enhancing innate immune activation.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Oils in Aquafeeds: Mechanistic Perspectives on Growth Promotion, Immunomodulation, and Stress Resilience.Aquaculture nutrition · 2026Review
- Resolving the cellular profile of germinal center-analogous microstructures in zebrafish.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- "Double-duty" dendritic cells in Xenopus laevis: Early vertebrate splenic APCs resemble conventional dendritic cells and limit native antigen presentation to B cells during a humoral response.Molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Single-cell atlas of grass carp (Zoological research · 2025Article
- Tertiary Lymphoid Organs at the Center Stage of Skin's Humoral Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Extrafollicular and Other Non-Germinal Center B Cell Responses: An Evolutionary Perspective.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Divergent B-cell repertoire remodelling by mRNA, DNA and live attenuated vaccines in fish.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Cold-blooded vertebrates evolved regulatory B cells to participate in inflammatory diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- The axillary lymphoid organ is an external, experimentally accessible immune organ in the zebrafish.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Lung B cells in ectopic germinal centers undergo affinity maturation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Understanding vertebrate immunity through comparative immunology.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- CCR7A defines a subpopulation of IgDFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Janus (dual) model of immunoglobulin isotype evolution: Conservation and plasticity are the defining paradigms.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Smoltification of Atlantic Salmon (Genes · 2024Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in anticancer immunity.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Immunological memory in a teleost fish: common carp IgMFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Single-nuclei transcriptome analysis of channel catfish spleen provides insight into the immunome of an aquaculture-relevant species.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) or analogous secondary lymphoid microstructures (SLMs) are thought to have evolved in endothermic species. However, living representatives of their ectothermic ancestors can mount potent secondary antibody responses upon infection or immunization, despite the apparent lack of SLMs in these cold-blooded vertebrates. How and where adaptive immune responses are induced in ectothermic species in the absence of GCs or analogous SLMs remain poorly understood. Here, we infected a teleost fish (trout) with the parasite
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.