ArticleNature communications2023
Antigen presentation by B cells enables epitope spreading across an MHC barrier.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- SM03, a non-depleting anti-CD22 antibody, modulates B cell activation and immune crosstalk to attenuate autoimmunity.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- Antiglycation approach in selected autoimmune diseases: Where do we stand?Redox biology · 2026Review
- Evolution of self-reactive B cells: lessons from a lupus model.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Charge-driven antiviral responses enhance autoreactivity in severe COVID-19.Research square · 2026Article
- AEGIS reveals epitope- and clone-resolved convergence of CNS B and T cell autoreactivity in ROHHAD.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Germinal-centre and extrafollicular B cell pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Naturally self-reactive B cells are poised to cross the selection barrier into autoimmune germinal centers.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Endogenous living adjuvants for cancer vaccination: Concepts, mechanisms, and design principles.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Early versus late add-on therapy in generalized myasthenia gravis: a multicenter real-world cohort study.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- HLA polymorphism in neuroimmune diseases: linking antigen presentation to neuroinflammatory programs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dynamic control of autoreactive B cells from spontaneous germinal centers.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Potential mechanisms linking bacterial factors to the development and progression of multiple sclerosis.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- Post-Translational Modified Neoantigens in Autoimmune Diseases: Challenges of Immune Tolerance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Anti-C1q Autoantibody-Binding Engineered scFv C1q-Mimicking Fragment Enhances Disease Progression in Lupus-Prone MRL/lpr Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Novel Sarcoidosis Epitope Augments MHCII, CD80, and CD86 Expression and Promotes B-Cell Differentiation and IgG Production.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Elucidating the role of autoreactive T cells and B cells in autoimmune hepatitis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Cellular Heterogeneity and IL-17 Pathway Dynamics Reveal Insights into the Transition from Ulcerative Colitis to Colorectal Cancer Through scRNA-Seq Analysis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- MAPPs assays for non-clinical immunogenicity risk assessment: best practices recommended by the European immunogenicity platform.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Diversity and Epitope Spreading of Anti-RNA Polymerase III Antibodies in Systemic Sclerosis: A Potential Biomarker for Skin and Lung Involvement.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- HLA-G regulation through trogocytosis: intercellular membrane transfer mechanisms and immune dysregulation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence suggests that B cells may instruct T cells to break tolerance. Here, to test this hypothesis, we used a murine model in which a single B cell clone precipitates an autoreactive response resembling systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The initiating clone did not need to enter germinal centers to precipitate epitope spreading. Rather, it localized to extrafollicular splenic bridging channels early in the response. Autoantibody produced by the initiating clone was not sufficient to drive the autoreactive response. Subsequent epitope spreading depended on antigen presentation and was compartmentalized by major histocompatibility complex (MHC). B cells carrying two MHC haplotypes could bridge the MHC barrier between B cells that did not share MHC. Thus, B cells directly relay autoreactivity between two separate compartments of MHC-restricted T cells, leading to inclusion of distinct B cell populations in germinal centers. Our findings demonstrate that B cells initiate and propagate the autoimmune response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.