ArticleJournal of endocrinological investigation2024
Clustering of gout-related comorbidities and their relationship with gout flares: a data-driven cluster analysis of eight comorbidities.
Article in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2024 Update of Chinese Guidelines for Management of Hyperuricemia and Gout Part II: Recommendations for Patients With Common Comorbidities.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2025Guideline
- Prevalence and Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in Gout: Analysis of a Nationwide Dataset of 192,062 Hospitalizations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potential and pharmacological mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine in gout treatment.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2025Review
- Burden, risk factors, and forecasts of gout in BRICS countries, 1990-2021: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.PloS one · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo study the aggregation of multiple comorbidities in people with gout and explore differences in prognosis of gout flares among different subgroups.
methodsHierarchical clustering was performed to identify homogeneous subgroups among 2639 people with gout using eight comorbidities. A one-year follow-up of acute gout flares in 463 of these people was conducted; the incidence and the timing of gout flares in each cluster were assessed to explore prognosis of gout flares. Binary logistic regression was applied to assess factors associated with gout flares.
resultsIn baseline study, we identified five subgroups (C1-C5). C1 (n = 671, 25%) was characterized by isolated gout with few comorbidities. C2 (n = 258, 10%) were all obese. Almost all people in C3 (n = 335, 13%) had diabetes (99.7%). All people in C4 (n = 938, 36%) had dyslipidemia. C5 (n = 437, 17%) had the highest proportion of cardiovascular disease (CVD, 53%), chronic kidney disease (CKD, 56%), and cancer (7%). In follow-up study, C5 had the highest incidence (71.9%) and earliest onset (median 3 months) of gout flares. C2 had the lowest incidence (52.1%) and the latest onset (median 10 months) of gout flares. The highest relative risk for gout recurrent was seen for C5 (OR = 2.09). Other factors associated with the risk of gout flares were age at diagnosis of gout, duration of gout, presence of tophi, and smoking ≥ 20 cigarettes/day.
conclusionsWe clustered people with gout into five groups with varying comorbidities. People with CVD, CKD, and cancer had the highest risk of gout flares and should receive comprehensive care.
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