ArticleIn vivo (Athens, Greece)
Physical Properties of Ultrafine Bubbles Generated Using a Generator System.
Article in In vivo (Athens, Greece). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Characterization of Nanobubbles Reveals Physical Disruption is the Primary Mode of Biofilm Inactivation.ACS ES&T water · 2026Article
- Ultrafine bubble water irrigation promotes soil particle fragmentation and reduces soil hardness in paddy fields.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Culture Medium Enriched with Ultrafine Carbon Monoxide Bubbles Enhances In Vitro Blastocyst Formation of In Vivo-Fertilized Mouse Zygotes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antibacterial Effects of Nanobubble Water and Its Potential Application in Healthcare-associated Infection Control.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimUltrafine bubbles (UFBs) have been extensively researched owing to their promising physical and biological properties. However, determining the lifespan or ideal concentration of UFBs for various biological events is challenging. This study aimed to determine the maximum concentration and longest lifespan of UFBs and to verify the validity of UFBs for assessing cell properties. MATERIALS AND
methodsA generator system (HMB-H0150+P001, TOSSLEC Corporation Limited, Kyoto, Japan) generated UFBs using various gases. The size and concentration of UFBs in ultrapure water and cell culture medium were measured through a nanoparticle tracking analysis method.
resultsThe UFB concentration increased when the generator operated in a time dependent manner. The mean size of UFBs was approximately 120 nm. In the UFB lifespan, the concentration decreased by approximately 30% within the first two weeks of generation and was stable for up to 6 months. The UFB size increased by approximately 20% within the first two weeks of generation and demonstrated minor changes until the 6th month. The number of cells differed significantly with various concentrations of nitrogen gas UFBs.
conclusionThe generator system can generate UFBs with multiple concentrations within a suitable temperature. Consequently, the solution containing UFBs could be widely acceptable in cell culture systems.
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