ArticleEpidemiology and health2023
Association between PM2.5 exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Taiwan: a nested case-control study.
Article in Epidemiology and health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cadmium-Induced Toxicity as a Pathophysiological Mechanism for Parkinson's Disease Onset in Individuals with Iron and Zinc Deficiencies and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Association between Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen IgA positivity and increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Pathways to the Brain: Impact of Fine Particulate Matter Components on the Central Nervous System.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A machine learning model and identification of immune infiltration for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on disulfidptosis-related genes.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis cohort study investigated the correlation between Parkinson's disease (PD) risk and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk under particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) exposure.
methodsData from the National Health Research Institutes of Taiwan were used in this study. The Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan established an air quality monitoring network for monitoring Taiwan's general air quality. COPD was indicated by at least 3 outpatient records and 1 hospitalization for COPD. After the implementation of age, sex, and endpoint matching at a 1:4 ratio, 137 patients and 548 patients were included in the case group and control group, respectively. Based on the 2005 World Health Organization (WHO) standards, monthly air particle concentration data were classified into the following 4 groups in analyses of exposure-response relationships: normal level, and 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 times the WHO level ([concentration ≥2]×25 μg/m3×number of exposure months).
resultsA multivariate logistic regression revealed that the 1.0 and 1.5 WHO level groups did not significantly differ from the normal level group, but the 2.0 WHO level did (odds ratio, 4.091; 95% confidence interval, 1.180 to 14.188; p=0.038).
conclusionsElevated PM2.5 concentrations were significantly correlated with an increased risk of PD among patients with COPD. Furthermore, exposure to high PM2.5 levels can further increase the risk of PD.
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