ArticleCureus2023
Diagnostic Utility of Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy for Primary Sjögren Syndrome in Patients With Negative Anti-SSA Antibodies.
Article in Cureus, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond anti-SSA and anti-SSB. The clinical significance of new antibodies in the diagnosis of Sjögren disease.Rheumatology international · 2026Pooled it
- A cardiac debut: Myocarditis revealing seronegative primary Sjögren's syndrome in a young woman-A case report.Radiology case reports · 2026Article
- Patterns of referral and histopathological interpretation of minor salivary gland biopsy in suspected Sjögren's disease: a single-center experience.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- Minor salivary gland biopsy in clinically suspected Sjögren's disease: still indispensable for seronegative cases?Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2025Article
- Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy in the Differential Diagnosis of Sicca Syndrome: A Monocentric Cohort Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Ophthalmologic and serologic predictors of positive minor salivary gland biopsy in suspected Sjögren's disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Glandular and Extraglandular Manifestations in Primary and Secondary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Study in Two Academic Centers in North-East Romania.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSjögren syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by lacrimal and salivary gland inflammation resulting in dry eyes and mouth. Although it is a common disease, diagnosis can be challenging due to its heterogeneous presentation. A positive minor salivary gland biopsy is mandatory to fulfill the 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for primary Sjögren syndrome in patients who are seronegative for anti-SSA/Ro antibodies. The objective of our study was to evaluate the validity of minor salivary gland biopsy for patients who are SSA antibody-negative yet are suspected of having primary Sjögren syndrome because of compelling symptoms.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients with a negative anti-SSA antibody test who underwent minor salivary gland biopsy to assess suspected Sjögren syndrome at Henry Ford Rheumatology Clinics between January 2005 and December 2019. Patient characteristics and clinical features are described. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value are assessed.
resultsA total of 47 patients were included: 46 (97.9%) females and one (2.1%) male. The mean age was 57.2 ± 13.8 years. There were 14 (29.8%) patients who had a positive minor salivary gland biopsy result and 15 (31.9%) patients who had a final diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome. Minor salivary gland biopsy had 93.3% sensitivity (95% confidence interval (CI): 68%-99.8%), 100% specificity (95% CI: 89.1%-100%), 100% positive predictive value (95% CI: 76.8%-100%), and 97% negative predictive value (95% CI: 84.2%-99.9%).
conclusionThe diagnostic value of minor salivary gland biopsy is high for patients who do not have anti-SSA antibodies yet are suspected of having Sjögren syndrome. The results of the study support the consideration of routine minor salivary gland biopsy for identifying Sjögren syndrome in these patients.
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