ArticleMagnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany)2021
On the modeling of amplitude-sensitive electron spin resonance (ESR) detection using voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based ESR-on-a-chip detectors.
Article in Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Concurrent excitation and detection in magnetic resonance using voltage-controlled oscillators.Science advances · 2026Article
- Operando detection of dissolved oxygen in fluid solution using a submersible rapid scan EPR on a chip dipstick sensor.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Compact Electron Paramagnetic Resonance on a Chip Spectrometer Using a Single Sided Permanent Magnet.ACS sensors · 2024Article
- Celebration of 80 years of EPR.Applied magnetic resonance · 2024Article
- Microwave field mapping for EPR-on-a-chip experiments.Science advances · 2024Article
- 200 GHz single chip microsystems for dynamic nuclear polarization enhanced NMR spectroscopy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Recent advances in microresonators and supporting instrumentation for electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.The Review of scientific instruments · 2022Article
- Rapid-scan electron paramagnetic resonance using an EPR-on-a-Chip sensor.Magnetic resonance (Gottingen, Germany) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based sensing method for electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, which greatly simplifies the experimental setup compared to conventional detection schemes. In contrast to our previous oscillator-based ESR detectors, where the ESR signal was encoded in the oscillation frequency, in the amplitude-sensitive method, the ESR signal is sensed as a change of the oscillation amplitude of the VCO. Therefore, using VCO architecture with a built-in amplitude demodulation scheme, the experimental setup reduces to a single permanent magnet in combination with a few inexpensive electronic components. We present a theoretical analysis of the achievable limit of detection, which uses perturbation-theory-based VCO modeling for the signal and applies a stochastic averaging approach to obtain a closed-form expression for the noise floor. Additionally, the paper also introduces a numerical model suitable for simulating oscillator-based ESR experiments in a conventional circuit simulator environment. This model can be used to optimize sensor performance early on in the design phase. Finally, all presented models are verified against measured results from a prototype VCO operating at 14
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