ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2023
Combined effect of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and hepatic steatosis on new-onset ischemic heart disease among middle-aged and older Korean adults: a cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a commonly used tumor marker in cancer screening. However, it has also been associated with metabolic alterations. Hepatic steatosis, the accumulation of fat in liver cells, is associated with various cardiovascular risk factors. This study investigated the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in individuals with elevated CEA levels, hepatic steatosis, and their co-occurrence. Methods: The study cohort comprised 5,580 Korean adults who underwent health examinations between November 2006 and June 2010. Data regarding baseline CEA levels, hepatic steatosis status, and development of IHD were collected. Hepatic steatosis was defined as more than two findings: deep attenuation, vascular blurring, and increased liver echogenicity on abdominal ultrasound. Participants were divided into four groups based on their CEA and hepatic steatosis status: no hepatic steatosis and low CEA (group 1), no hepatic steatosis and elevated CEA (group 2), low CEA and hepatic steatosis (group 3), and elevated CEA and hepatic steatosis (group 4). Results: A total of 226 (4.1%) participants developed IHD during the follow-up period. Participants with elevated CEA levels and hepatic steatosis (group 4) had the highest cumulative incidence of IHD in comparison to other groups ( Conclusion: Co-occurrence of elevated CEA levels and hepatic steatosis increases the risk of IHD. Comprehensive risk assessment is crucial to guide interventions and improve cardiovascular health in individuals with both the conditions.
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