ReviewDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2023
Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists, in the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Review in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond GLP-1: efficacy and safety of dual and triple incretin agonists in personalized type 2 diabetes care-a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Acta diabetologica · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of the association of Type I diabetes with sensorineural hearing loss.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Long-term efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in participants with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycaemic control on metformin and/or sulfonylurea: Post-hoc analysis of SURPASS-4.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Real-World Effectiveness and Treatment Patterns of Tirzepatide in a Large UK Digital Health Cohort.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Insulin resistance in the 21st century: new takes on an old problem-2025 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Impact of Semaglutide, Liraglutide and Tirzepatide on Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Comparative Narrative Review.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Review
- Oral GLP-1-Based Therapeutics in the Obesity-Metabolic Syndrome-Diabetes Continuum: Translational Advances, Clinical Barriers, and Emerging Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Dulaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Disproportionality Analysis of Tirzepatide vs. Semaglutide and Liraglutide: System Organ Class-Level Post-Marketing Reporting Patterns in EudraVigilance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A bibliometric analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on diabetes mellitus: global research trends from scopus database (1988-2024).Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Liver-pancreas communication in disease and drug development.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Review
- Comparative Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Across Gastrointestinal, Renal and Pancreatic Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Beyond weight loss: predictors of treatment satisfaction and patient-reported outcomes in incretin-based therapies. A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Risk of depression with GLP-1 receptor agonists use in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes: A new-user, active-comparator cohort study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Achieving BMI <25 kg/mEClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Associations between Eating Behaviours and Psychological Characteristics with Body Mass Index Change and Appetite-Related Changes during Incretin-Based Therapy.Obesity facts · 2026Article
- Functional and Aesthetic Periorbital, Ocular Adnexal and Ocular Surface Changes Linked to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Evaluating Suicidal Risk in GLP-1RA Therapy: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analytic Evidence.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GLP-1 are the main incretin hormones, and be responsible for the insulinotropic incretin effect. The addition of a GIP agonist to a GLP-1agonist has been hypothesized to significantly potentiate the weight-losing and glycemia control effect, which might offer a new therapeutic option in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The current meta-analysis aims to synthesize evidence of primary efficacy and safety outcomes through clinically randomized controlled trials to evaluate integrated potency and signaling properties.
methodWe conducted comprehensive literature searches in Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase and PubMed for relevant literatures investigating the efficacy and/or safety of Tirzepatide published in the English as of May 30, 2023 was retrieved. We synthesized results using standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95 CIs) for continuous outcomes, and odds ratios (ORs) along with 95 Cis for dichotomous outcomes. All analyses were done using Revman version 5.3, STATA version 15.1 and the statistical package 'meta'.
resultsParticipants treated with weekly Tirzepatide achieved HbA1c and body weight target values significantly lower than any other comparator without clinically significant increase in the incidence of hypoglycemic events, serious and all-cause fatal adverse events. However, gastrointestinal adverse events and decreased appetite events were reported more frequently with Tirzepatide treatment than with placebo/controls.
conclusionThe Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor co-agonist, for diabetes therapy has opened a new era on personalized glycemia control and weight loss in a safe manner with broad and promising clinical implications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.