SynthesisInternational breastfeeding journal2023
Health professionals' competencies regarding breastfeeding beyond 12 months: a systematic review.
Synthesis in International breastfeeding journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Women's Experiences of Breastfeeding Beyond One Year: A Qualitative Systematic Review.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- A framework of long-term breastfeeding counseling and support in Finland.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding Attitudes and Their Associated Factors Among Chinese Nursing Undergraduates: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- A Systematic Review of Multifactorial Barriers Related to Breastfeeding.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Developing an Instrument to Measure Public Health Nurses' Competence Related to Breastfeeding Beyond 12 Months.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2024Article
- Knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary care professionals about the food guide for children up to 2 years old: a cross-sectional study, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 2023.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2024Article
- Public Health Nurses' Competence Related to Long-Term Breastfeeding in the Context of Maternity and Child Health Clinics.Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreastfeeding up to two years and beyond supports the health and neurobiological development of a child. Nevertheless, mothers experience criticism from health professionals towards breastfeeding beyond 12 months. Competence related to breastfeeding counselling is defined as minimum knowledge, skills and attitudes that all health professionals should have to protect, promote and support breastfeeding. Professionals' education related to breastfeeding beyond 12 months is insufficient worldwide which challenges the competent and evidence-based support mothers wish for.
methodsThis systematic review aimed to synthesize the existing literature on health professionals' competencies regarding breastfeeding beyond 12 months. The search was limited to peer-reviewed scientific papers published between 2000 and 2022 that focused on the competencies of health professionals regarding breastfeeding beyond 12 months. Seven databases were searched, and of the 884 studies retrieved, seven were included in the review. The studies were subjected to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklists. The data were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis, driven by the concept of competence.
resultsAll the dimensions of competence could be found in the data. Health professionals' knowledge or skills related to breastfeeding beyond 12 months were explored in all seven studies, and attitudes towards breastfeeding beyond 12 months were explored in four studies. The main themes identified were Knowledge Combined with Skills, and Attitudes. The main theme, Knowledge Combined with Skills, was formed out of eight themes: perceptions regarding nutritional value, perceptions regarding economic value, perceptions regarding family interaction, perceptions regarding impacts on the mother's wellbeing, perceptions regarding impacts on the child's wellbeing, perceptions regarding suitable duration, perceptions regarding recommendations, and counseling skills. The attitudes varied and therefore the Attitudes main theme consisted of three themes: promotive attitudes, hostile attitudes, and passive attitudes towards breastfeeding beyond 12 months.
conclusionsHealth professionals' knowledge and skills include several dimensions and vary substantially. Health professionals' attitudes vary between hostile and supportive and influence professionals' advice regarding breastfeeding beyond 12 months. The results suggested that there is considerable variation in health professionals' competencies, which emphasizes the importance of education regarding breastfeeding beyond 12 months.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.