ArticleBMC cancer2023
Lactobacillus casei combined with Lactobacillus reuteri alleviate pancreatic cancer by inhibiting TLR4 to promote macrophage M1 polarization and regulate gut microbial homeostasis.
Article in BMC cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Amino acid metabolic reprogramming by gut microbiota: a novel metabolic checkpoint in the tumor microenvironment.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- PROK1 Induces Macrophage M2 Phenotype Conversion to Promote Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Activating the PI3K/AKT Pathway Via Interacting with PROKR2.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Intratumoral microbiota in tumorigenesis: A double-edged sword.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Microbiome: a driver of pancreatic inflammation and tumorigenesis.Trends in cancer · 2026Review
- Microbiome and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: mechanistic insights, microenvironmental interactions, and therapeutic implications.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Lactic Acid Bacteria with Probiotic Potential Regulating Macrophages: Mechanisms, Regulatory Features, and Clinical Applications.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Exploring the Role of Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Intratumoral Microorganisms in Tumors: Current Understanding and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.MedComm · 2026Review
- Review
- Gut microbiota and pancreatic cancer: tumorigenesis, progression, and clinical applications.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- The intricate interplay of microbial metabolomics and carcinogenesis: a spotlight on mechanistic pathways, clinical implications and methodological challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The relationship between gut microbiota and cancer immune response and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting the gut-pancreatic axis: microbial modulation of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota reshaping the pancreatic cancer immune microenvironment: new avenues for immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Upregulation ofGut microbes · 2025Article
- Mendelian analysis reveals novel pancreatic cancer-associated gut bacteria with tumor-suppressive effects.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Role of Probiotics in Enhancing Immune Function and Improving the Effectiveness of Treatments for Pancreatic Cancer.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Research Progress on the Relationship Between the Intestinal Barrier and Macrophages.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Food, Health, and Environmental Impact of Lactic Acid Bacteria: The Superbacteria for Posterity.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- The microbiome in cancer.iMeta · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with no effective treatments. Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) and Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) exhibited therapeutic effects on several cancers, but their roles in pancreatic cancer are unknown. This study aims to explore how L. casei & L. reuteri influence pancreatic cancer and the underlying mechanisms.
methodsPancreatic cancer cells were treated with L. casei & L. reuteri and co-cultured with macrophages in a transwell system in vitro. Pancreatic cancer xenograft model was established and L. casei & L. reuteri was used to treat mice in vivo. MTT, CCK-8 assay or immunohistochemical staining were used to determine the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells or tumor tissues. Transwell assay was applied to test the migration and invasion of pancreatic cells. RT-qPCR was utilized to assess TLR4 and MyD88 expressions in pancreatic cells or tumor tissues. WB, immunofluorescence staining, or flow cytometry was used to evaluate the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages. Besides, the composition of gut microbiota of tumor-bearing mice was determined by 16 S rRNA sequencing, and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) untargeted metabolomics was used to evaluate the metabolic profiles of feces.
resultsL. casei & L. reuteri inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion of pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic cancer cell-induced M2 polarization of macrophages by suppressing TLR4. Meanwhile, L. casei & L. reuteri repressed pancreatic cancer growth and promoted M1 macrophage polarization. Besides, L. casei & L. reuteri reduced fecal Alloprevotella and increased fecal azelate and glutamate in nude mice, while TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 increased Clostridia UCG-014, azelate, uridine, methionine sulfoxide, oxypurinol, and decreased glyceryl monoester in the feces of pancreatic tumor-bearing mice. Fecal oxypurinol and glyceryl monoester levels were positively or negatively associated with gut Clostridia UCG-014 abundance, respectively.
conclusionL. casei & L. reuteri alleviate pancreatic cancer by inhibiting TLR4 to promote macrophage M1 polarization and regulate gut microbial homeostasis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.