Trial reportJAMA network open2023
Overall Survival After Treatment Failure Among Patients With Rectal Cancer.
Trial report in JAMA network open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07651007 (A Phase II Clinical Study of Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by NALIRIFOX Plus Pemolivimab as Neoadjuvant Therapy for High-risk Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer With MSS/pMMR), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II Clinical Study of Short-course Radiotherapy Followed by NALIRIFOX Plus Pemolivimab as Neoadjuvant Therapy for High-risk Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer With MSS/pMMR
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Economic Evaluation of 'Watch and Wait' Following Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Reassessing the role of CEA in the treatment of rectal cancer in the era of TNT.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Adaptive epithelial-mesenchymal bi-directional transition: A key invasive plasticity for tumor metastasis.iScience · 2026Review
- Leveraging data-driven risk-adapted surveillance strategies after disease progression in locally advanced rectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Targeting metabolic dependencies to reverse chemoradiotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Article
- Preoperative chemoradiotherapy with the TEGAFIRI regimen achieves significant local control in locally advanced rectal cancer.International journal of colorectal disease · 2025Article
- Tumor Response and Its Impact on Treatment Failure in Rectal Cancer: Does Intensity of Neoadjuvant Treatment Matter?Cancers · 2024Article
- Persistent Lymph Node Metastases After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Patient-Relevant Costs for Organ Preservation versus Radical Resection in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.Cancers · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Oncologic outcomes among patients with rectal cancer after developing local recurrence and/or distant metastases remain poorly studied. Objective: To analyze the trend of overall survival after treatment failure for patients with rectal cancer within three consecutive phase 2 or 3 trials of the German Rectal Cancer Study Group. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study is a post hoc analysis of 3 randomized phase 2 or 3 trials (CAO/ARO/AIO-94, -04, and -12 trials, conducted in Germany) that included 1948 patients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma. The CAO/ARO/AIO-94 trial recruited patients between February 1995 and September 2002, the CAO/ARO/AIO-04 trial recruited patients between July 2006 and February 2010, and the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 trial recruited patients between June 2015 and January 2018. Statistical analysis was conducted between September 2022 and March 2023. Exposures: A total of 119 of 391 patients in the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 trial group A, 295 of 1236 patients in the CAO/ARO/AIO-04 trial, and 69 of 306 in the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 trial experienced treatment failure (R2 resection or local recurrence or distant metastases) and were included in further analyses. Main Outcomes and Measures: Characteristics of treatment failure and overall survival were assessed in all 3 trial cohorts. Results: Of the 1948 patients treated in the 3 trials, 15 were excluded because of missing data. Of the remaining 1933 patients (median age, 62.5 years [range, 19-84 years]; 1363 men [71%] and 570 women [29%]) with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma (cT3 or 4 or cN+) treated within 3 consecutive clinical trials, 483 experienced treatment failure and were analyzed. After a median follow-up of 36 months (IQR, 24-51 months) for all patients, overall survival after treatment failure was significantly improved in the CAO/ARO/AIO-04 trial (at 3 years, 44% [IQR, 37%-51%]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.61 [95% CI, 0.47-0.79]) and further improved in the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 trial (at 3 years, 73% [IQR, 60%-87%]; HR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.18-0.54]) compared with the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 trial (at 3 years, 30% [IQR, 22%-39%]) (both P < .001). Distant metastasis was the main reason for treatment failure throughout a 5-year follow-up (range, 67%-87%), and the relative risk for treatment failure was highest in the first 18 months in all 3 trials. ypTNM stage was significantly associated with the risk and time interval to treatment failure. Improvement in overall survival after treatment failure was independent of sex. Conclusions and Relevance: This cohort study suggests that advancements in salvage strategies during the past decades have likely improved overall survival among patients with rectal cancer who experienced treatment failure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.