ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2024
A Transdiagnostic Study of Effort-Cost Decision-Making in Psychotic and Mood Disorders.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fatigue Symptoms Influence Effort-Based Decision-Making in Major Depressive Disorder.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Understanding Effort-Cost Decision-Making Mechanisms in Mood and Psychotic Disorders: A Computational Modeling Approach Across Physical and Cognitive Effort Paradigms.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Examining effects of effort and reward magnitude on effort-cost decision-making in people with major depressive disorder.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Computational phenotypes underlying effort-based decision-making and negative symptoms in a transdiagnostic severe mental illness sample.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Shared and distinct features of common effort-based decision-making paradigms and their relation to brain structure and neuropsychiatric conditions: An integrated narrative review.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Fatigue Symptoms Influence Effort-Based Decision-Making in Major Depressive Disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Negative symptoms, cognition, and community functioning in early psychosis.Schizophrenia research · 2025Article
- Computational Phenotyping of Effort-Based Decision Making in Unmedicated Adults With Remitted Depression.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Increased Sensitivity to Effort and Perception of Effort in People with Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Using the grip strength effort task to measure reward processing dysfunction in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.Neuroscience applied · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResearch suggests that effort-cost decision-making (ECDM), the estimation of work required to obtain reward, may be a relevant framework for understanding motivational impairment in psychotic and mood pathology. Specifically, research has suggested that people with psychotic and mood pathology experience effort as more costly than controls, and thus pursue effortful goals less frequently. This study examined ECDM across psychotic and mood pathology. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that patient groups would show reduced willingness to expend effort compared to controls. STUDY
designPeople with schizophrenia (N = 33), schizoaffective disorder (N = 28), bipolar disorder (N = 39), major depressive disorder (N = 40), and controls (N = 70) completed a physical ECDM task. Participants decided between completing a low-effort or high-effort option for small or larger rewards, respectively. Reward magnitude, reward probability, and effort magnitude varied trial-by-trial. Data were analyzed using standard and hierarchical logistic regression analyses to assess the subject-specific contribution of various factors to choice. Negative symptoms were measured with a clinician-rated interview. STUDY
resultsThere was a significant effect of group, driven by reduced choice of high-effort options in schizophrenia. Hierarchical logistic regression revealed that reduced choice of high-effort options in schizophrenia was driven by weaker contributions of probability information. Use of reward information was inversely associated with motivational impairment in schizophrenia. Surprisingly, individuals with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder did not differ from controls.
conclusionsOur results provide support for ECDM deficits in schizophrenia. Additionally, differences between groups in ECDM suggest a seemingly similar behavioral phenotype, reduced motivation, could arise from disparate mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.