Observational studyFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Association of sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin with liver fat in men and women: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.
Observational study in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Trends and Hotspots in Mendelian Randomization Studies of Liver Diseases: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis.Hepatic medicine : evidence and research · 2026Review
- Sex Hormones and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Ketosis suppression and ageing (KetoSAge): the effect of suppressing ketosis on SHBG and sex hormone profiles in healthy premenopausal women, and its implications for cancer risk and therapy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The mediatory role of androgens on sex differences in glucose homeostasis and incidence of type 2 diabetes: the KORA study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Observational
- Fatty Liver Index (FLI) is the best score to predict MASLD with 50% lower cut-off value in women than in men.Biology of sex differences · 2024Observational
- Clinically relevant plasma proteome for adiposity depots: evidence from systematic mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Time variation of high-risk groups for liver function deteriorations within fluctuating long-term liver function after hepatic radiotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) may play a role in fatty liver development. We sought to examine the association of various endogenous sex hormones, including testosterone (T), and SHBG with liver fat using complementary observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods: The observational analysis included a total of 2,239 participants (mean age 60 years; 35% postmenopausal women) from the population-based KORA study (average follow-up time: 6.5 years). We conducted linear regression analysis to investigate the sex-specific associations of sex hormones and SHBG with liver fat, estimated by fatty liver index (FLI). For MR analyses, we selected genetic variants associated with sex hormones and SHBG and extracted their associations with magnetic resonance imaging measured liver fat from the largest up to date European genome-wide associations studies. Results: In the observational analysis, T, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were inversely associated with FLI in men, with beta estimates ranging from -4.23 to -2.30 [p-value <0.001 to 0.003]. Whereas in women, a positive association of free T with FLI (β = 4.17, 95%CI: 1.35, 6.98) was observed. SHBG was inversely associated with FLI across sexes [men: -3.45 (-5.13, -1.78); women: -9.23 (-12.19, -6.28)]. No causal association was found between genetically determined sex hormones and liver fat, but higher genetically determined SHBG was associated with lower liver fat in women (β = -0.36, 95% CI: -0.61, -0.12). Conclusion: Our results provide suggestive evidence for a causal association between SHBG and liver fat in women, implicating the protective role of SHBG against liver fat accumulation.
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