ArticlePsychiatry investigation2023
Association Between Metabolic Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Based on Sex.
Article in Psychiatry investigation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Schizophrenia Across the Reproductive Lifespan.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation in a Latin American Population With Severe Mental Illness: An Observational Study.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Observational
- Analysis of diet-related stroke disease burden in China from 1990 to 2021 and projections for 2025-2044.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The role of cognitive function in predicting metabolic risk in schizophrenia: a multi-model comparison incorporating clinical features.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the association of overweight with cognitive performance in individuals with first-episode psychosis.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Biopsychosocial Variables in Male Schizophrenic Patients: A Comprehensive Comparison with Healthy Controls.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSex differences have been observed in many aspects of schizophrenia, including cognitive deficits. Despite extensive research into the relationship between metabolic factors and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, few studies have explored the potential sex difference in their association.
methodsWe recruited 358 schizophrenia patients and 231 healthy controls. The participants underwent measurements of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. Metabolic risk factors included abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. A collection of these metabolic risk factors has been defined as metabolic syndrome. These diagnoses were based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III. Cognitive performance was measured using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). A descriptive analysis, difference analysis, and linear regression model were used to identify the metabolic risk factors for cognitive function in schizophrenia.
resultsOur findings revealed sex differences in the rate of abdominal obesity and hypertension in schizophrenic patients. Additionally, we observed sex differences in the association between metabolic risk factors and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Specifically, hyperglycemia was associated with the immediate memory index score of RBANS in male patients, while dyslipidemia was associated with language, attention, delayed memory index scores, and RBANS total score in female patients.
conclusionOur results suggest that sex should be considered when evaluating the impact of metabolic disorders on the cognitive function of schizophrenic patients. Moreover, our study identifies hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia as potential targets for precise treatment by sex stratification, which could benefit the improvement of cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients.
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