ArticleBMJ global health2023
Geospatial patterns of progress towards UNAIDS '95-95-95' targets and community vulnerability in Zambia: insights from population-based HIV impact assessments.
Article in BMJ global health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting the spatiotemporal evolution of HIV/AIDS in Africa: A retrospective analysis of epidemiological trends.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Integrating Human Papillomavirus and HIV Services Into a One-Stop Breast Cancer Early Detection Clinic in Zambia.JCO global oncology · 2026Article
- Low yield of pathological lymph node metastasis among patients with invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma in the context of high HIV burden: evidence from a prospective cohort study in Zambia.Frontiers in urology · 2026Article
- Assessing regional variations and sociodemographic barriers in the progress toward UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets in Zimbabwe.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Moving beyond hotspots of HIV prevalence to geospatial hotspots of UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets in sub-Saharan Africa.The lancet. HIV · 2024Review
- Trend of HIV Prevalence in Antenatal Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Region of India.Cureus · 2024Article
- Progress Towards UNAIDS's 95-95-95 Targets in Zimbabwe: Sociodemographic Constraints and Geospatial Heterogeneity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
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11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
introductionIn sub-Saharan Africa, HIV/AIDS remains a leading cause of death. The UNAIDS established the '95-95-95' targets to improve HIV care continuum outcomes. Using geospatial data from the Zambia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZAMPHIA), this study aims to investigate geospatial patterns in the '95-95-95' indicators and individual-level determinants that impede HIV care continuum in vulnerable communities, providing insights into the factors associated with gaps.
methodsThis study used data from the 2016 ZAMPHIA to investigate the geospatial distribution and individual-level determinants of engagement across the HIV care continuum in Zambia. Gaussian kernel interpolation and optimised hotspot analysis were used to identify geospatial patterns in the HIV care continuum, while geospatial k-means clustering was used to partition areas into clusters. The study also assessed healthcare availability, access and social determinants of healthcare utilisation. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the association between selected sociodemographic and behavioural covariates and the three main outcomes of study.
resultsVaried progress towards the '95-95-95' targets were observed in different regions of Zambia. Each '95' displayed a unique geographical pattern, independent of HIV prevalence, resulting in four distinct geographical clusters. Factors associated with gaps in the '95s' include younger age, male sex, and low wealth, with younger individuals having higher odds of not being on antiretroviral therapy and having detectable viral loads.
conclusionsOur study revealed significant spatial heterogeneity in the HIV care continuum in Zambia, with different regions exhibiting unique geographical patterns and levels of performance in the '95-95-95' targets, highlighting the need for geospatial tailored interventions to address the specific needs of different subnational regions. These findings underscore the importance of addressing differential regional gaps in HIV diagnosis, enhancing community-level factors and developing innovative strategies to improve local HIV care continuum outcomes.
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