ArticleNature communications2023
Recent acceleration in global ocean heat accumulation by mode and intermediate waters.
Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Sub-basin sea level budget analysis in the North Indian Ocean (2003-2024).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Equatorward upper-ocean heat transport from the Southern Ocean boosted interglacial warming.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Turbulent isopycnal mixing dominates thermohaline transformations of intermediate ocean waters.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A dynamical geography of observed trends in the global ocean.Science advances · 2025Article
- Effects of in situ experimental warming on metabolic expression in a soft sediment bivalve.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Global and regional drivers for exceptional climate extremes in 2023-2024: beyond the new normal.NPJ climate and atmospheric science · 2025Article
- Observational Assessment of Changes in Earth's Energy Imbalance Since 2000.Surveys in geophysics · 2024Review
- Recent acceleration in global ocean heat accumulation by mode and intermediate waters.Nature communications · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The ocean absorbs >90% of anthropogenic heat in the Earth system, moderating global atmospheric warming. However, it remains unclear how this heat uptake is distributed by basin and across water masses. Here we analyze historical and recent observations to show that ocean heat uptake has accelerated dramatically since the 1990s, nearly doubling during 2010-2020 relative to 1990-2000. Of the total ocean heat uptake over the Argo era 2005-2020, about 89% can be found in global mode and intermediate water layers, spanning both hemispheres and both subtropical and subpolar mode waters. Due to anthropogenic warming, there are significant changes in the volume of these water-mass layers as they warm and freshen. After factoring out volumetric changes, the combined warming of these layers accounts for ~76% of global ocean warming. We further decompose these water-mass layers into regional water masses over the subtropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and in the Southern Ocean. This shows that regional mode and intermediate waters are responsible for a disproportionate fraction of total heat uptake compared to their volume, with important implications for understanding ongoing ocean warming, sea-level rise, and climate impacts.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.