ArticleViruses2023
Epigallocatechin Gallate-Modified Silver Nanoparticles Show Antiviral Activity against Herpes Simplex Type 1 and 2.
Article in Viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- EGCG as a therapeutic agent: a systematic review of recent advances and challenges in nanocarrier strategies.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Natural products and dietary bioactives as antiviral agents against herpesviruses: molecular mechanisms, immunomodulatory actions, and nutritional perspectives.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- The Role of Nitric Oxide in HSV-1 Infection: The Use of an Inducible Nitric Synthase Inhibitor Aminoguanidine to Treat Neuroinflammation.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Highly efficient synthesis of the natural product β-himachalene in yeast and its potential as a novel anti-HSV-1 therapeutic agent.Synthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025Article
- Protective effects of flavonoids against silver nanoparticles-induced toxicity.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Silver Nanoparticle-Mediated Antiviral Efficacy against Enveloped Viruses: A Comprehensive Review.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2025Review
- Adjuvanticity of Tannic Acid-Modified Nanoparticles Improves Effectiveness of the Antiviral Response.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- The Role of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in Treatment and Management of Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- The Influence of the AgNPs Ligand on the Antiviral Activity Against HSV-2.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Novel Nasal Mucoadhesive Nanoformulations Containing Lipid-Soluble EGCG for Long COVID Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Anti-HSV-1 agents: an update.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Antiviral Activity of Graphene Oxide-Silver Nanocomposites Against Murine Betacoronavirus.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- Flavonoids with Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Properties: Deciphering Their Mechanisms in Disrupting the Viral Life Cycle.Viruses · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
(1) Background: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been recognized as a flavonoid showing antiviral activity against various types of DNA and RNA viruses. In this work, we tested if EGCG-modified silver nanoparticles (EGCG-AgNPs) can become novel microbicides with additional adjuvant properties to treat herpes infections. (2) Methods: The anti-HSV and cytotoxic activities of EGCG-AgNPs were tested in human HaCaT and VK-2-E6/E7 keratinocytes. HSV-1/2 titers and immune responses after treatment with EGCG-AgNPs were tested in murine models of intranasal HSV-1 infection and genital HSV-2 infection. (3) Results: EGCG-AgNPs inhibited attachment and entry of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in human HaCaT and VK-2-E6/E7 keratinocytes much better than EGCG at the same concentration. Infected mice treated intranasally (HSV-1) or intravaginally (HSV-2) with EGCG-AgNPs showed lower virus titers in comparison to treatment with EGCG alone. After EGCG-AgNPs treatment, mucosal tissues showed a significant infiltration in dendritic cells and monocytes in comparison to NaCl-treated group, followed by significantly better infiltration of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and increased expression of IFN-α, IFN-γ, CXCL9 and CXCL10. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show that EGCG-AgNPs can become an effective novel antiviral microbicide with adjuvant properties to be applied upon the mucosal tissues.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.