Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37895609›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2023

Numerical Simulations of Carbon-Fibre Impregnation with a Polymer as an Anisotropic Permeability Medium.

Daniel Gomes, Luís Amorim, Raquel M Santos, Nelson D Gonçalves

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Daniel GomesInstitute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-3847-1970
Luís AmorimInstitute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-8583-3380
Raquel M SantosInstitute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-1050-1808
Nelson D GonçalvesInstitute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-5234-150X

Funding

Horizon Europe Carbo4Power - New Generation of Offshore Turbine Blades with Intelligent Architectures of Hybrid, Nano-enabled Multi-Materials via Advanced Manufacturing, a HORIZON 2020 Framework Programme with Grant Agreement no. 953192.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The impregnation process of carbon fibres with polymers is challenging to model due to the system's complexity, particularly concerning the following aspects: the complex rheology of the polymeric matrices and the presence of solid, continuous fibres, both with anisotropic properties, and the interaction between solid and fluid, which can change the displacement of fibres into a cyclic dependence. In this work, an interesting approach was considered by setting the fibres as a porous medium whose properties were calculated with microscale/macroscale cycle modelling. In the microscale modelling stage, two main assumptions can be made: (i) a homogeneous distribution with a representative cell or (ii) a stochastic distribution of fibres. The solution to the abovementioned flow and fibre distribution problem can severely differ with only a slight change in a single parameter for a given set of processing parameters. Therefore, the influence of some of them during the fibre impregnation process was evaluated, allowing a shortcut for the polymer through a gap between fibres and the bottom wall of the extrusion die. The range of investigated values regarding the gap enables one to cover good impregnation conditions up to the occurrence of the shortcut and consequent poor impregnation quality. These studies were performed with numerical simulations with circa 126,000 degrees of freedom, considering the discretisation mesh elements and the unknowns (pressure and two velocity components).

Indexed as

anisotropic permeabilitycarbon-fibre-reinforced polymerscomputational fluid dynamicsporous medium

Identifiers

PMID37895609
PMCPMC10608615

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.