ArticleMicroorganisms2023
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis E Virus in Wild Boar and Red Deer in Portugal.
Article in Microorganisms, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Serological Evidence of Hepatitis E Virus Exposure in Free-Ranging Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in South Africa.EcoHealth · 2026Article
- Wild Boars as a Reservoir of Zoonotic Hepatitis E Virus in Portugal with Full-Genome Evidence of Genotype 3m.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hepatitis E Virus Exposure Across Multiple Host Species in a Shared Ecosystem in Argentina.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Hepatitis E in Wildlife: Emerging Threats to Human Health.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Trends and Challenges in the Detection and Environmental Surveillance of the Hepatitis E Virus.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Meta-analysis of global prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection in deer.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Hunting for Answers: AssessingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Zoonotic and Food-Related Hazards Due to Hepatitis A and E in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health insights · 2024Review
- Longitudinal serological and virological survey of hepatitis E virus in wild boar (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic foodborne virus with an annual infection prevalence of 20 million human cases, which seriously affects public health and economic development in both developed and developing countries. To better understand the epidemiology of HEV in Central Portugal, a cross-sectional study was conducted from 2016 to 2023 with sera samples from wild ungulates. The seroprevalence and risk factors for HEV seropositivity were evaluated in the present study. Specifically, antibodies against HEV were determined by a commercial enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Our results show that in the 650 sera samples collected from 298 wild red deer and 352 wild boars in Portugal, 9.1% red deer and 1.7% wild boar were positive for antibodies to HEV. Regarding age, the seropositivity in juvenile wild ungulates was 1.3%, whereas it was 7.2% in adults. Logistic regression models investigated risk factors for seropositivity. The odds of being seropositive was 3.6 times higher in adults than in juveniles, and the risk was 4.2 times higher in red deer than in wild boar. Both wild ungulate species were exposed to HEV. The higher seroprevalence in red deer suggests that this species may make a major contribution to the ecology of HEV in Central Portugal. Further research is needed to understand how wildlife affects the epidemiology of HEV infections in Portugal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.